Table 4. Sensor and data source for lung sound analysis.
| Ref | Year | Data Source | # Sensor | Sensor Position | Total Data | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensor | Database | Neck | Anterior | Posterior | Mouth | Multiple | ||||
| [37] | 2016 | [114]★ | - | 1 | • | 95 recordings | ||||
| [38] | 2016 | custom♦ | - | 1 | • | • | • | • | 227 recordings 171 normal 33 wheeze 19 crackle 4 w&c |
|
| [39] | 2016 | [122]♦ | ATS, COPD | 1 | N/M | 112 recordings 70 wheeze 42 normal |
||||
| [40] | 2016 | [115]★ [137]♦ |
- | 1 | • | 18 volunteers 9 asthmatic 9 normal 3036 segments 568 wheeze 2468 normal |
||||
| [41] | 2016 | [116]★ | - | 5 | • | • | • | 870 events 1494 segments |
||
| [42] | 2016 | [122]♦ | - | 1 | • | • | • | 20 volunteers 40 recordings 400 crackle events |
||
| [43] | 2016 | Electronic ♦ | - | 1 | • | • | • | 3120 short recordings 1560 normal 1560 abnormal |
||
| [44] | 2016 | - | [129] | N/A | 36 recordings 318 events |
|||||
| [45] | 2016 | - | [124] [138] [139] | N/A | 30 volunteers 72 events |
|||||
| [46] | 2016 | [140]★ | - | 14 | • | • | 600 events 200 crackle 200 normal 200 wheeze |
|||
| [47] | 2015 | custom ♦ | - | 1 | • | • | • | • | 38 patients 57 recording 28 normal 26 wheeze 3 crackle |
|
| [48] | 2015 | Condenser★ analog ♦ |
[128] | 1 | • | 20 recordings and additional data | ||||
| [49] | 2015 | [115]★ [137]♦ |
- | 1 | • | 58 recordings | ||||
| [50] | 2015 | N/M | [127] | N/M | 45 recordings | |||||
| [51] | 2015 | N/M | 41 recordings | |||||||
| [52] | 2015 | Piezoelectric★ electronic ♦ |
- | 1 | • | • | • | 130 recordings 66 patient 64 healthy 3140 events 1567 abnormal 1573 normal |
||
| [53] | 2015 | [123]■ | - | 1 | • | 45 recordings | ||||
| [54] | 2015 | [121]♦ | - | 1 | • | • | • | 12 volunteers 113 wheeze events |
||
| [55] | 2015 | - | [129] [130] | N/A | 28 recordings | |||||
| [56] | 2015 | [119]♦ [120]♦ |
- | 1 | N/M | 24 recordings | ||||
| [57] | 2015 | [140]★ | - | 14 | • | • | 40 recordings 20 healthy 10 obstructive 10 restrictive |
|||
| [58] | 2015 | - | [124] | N/A | 26 recordings 17 wheeze 9 normal 1188 segments 898 normal 290 wheeze |
|||||
| [59] | 2015 | [140]★ | - | 14 | • | • | 7 volunteers 231 events |
|||
| [60] | 2015 | Piezoelectric★ electronic ♦ |
- | 1 | • | • | 230 recordings 115 normal 115 abnormal |
|||
| [61] | 2015 | [117]★ | [125] [126] | 3 | • | • | • | 260 segments | ||
| [62] | 2015 | [121]♦ | - | 1 | • | • | • | 100 events | ||
| [63] | 2014 | - | [130] [131] [133] | N/A | 9 recordings Total Data N/M |
|||||
| [64] | 2014 | [120]♦ | - | 1 | • | • | 60 volunteers | |||
| [65] | 2014 | [140]★ | [129] [131] [132] | 1 | • | 339 events 239 events |
||||
| [66] | 2014 | N/M | 371 recordings | |||||||
| [67] | 2014 | - | [124] | N/A | 2 recordings | |||||
| [68] | 2014 | ★ | [138] [139] | 1 | • | 30 recordings 120 events |
||||
| [69] | 2014 | - | [124] | N/A | 13 events | |||||
| [70] | 2014 | - | [124] | N/A | 68 recordings | |||||
| [71] | 2014 | - | [129] | N/A | 92 events 27 normal 31 crackle 34 wheeze |
|||||
| [72] | 2013 | ★ | - | 7 | • | • | • | • | 60 volunteers 345 recordings |
|
| [73] | 2013 | N/M | 6 events | |||||||
| [74] | 2013 | [119]♦ | - | 1 | • | • | • | • | 40 recordings | |
| [75] | 2013 | - | [124] | N/A | 68 recordings | |||||
| [76] | 2013 | [140]★ | - | 14 | • | • | 26 volunteers 6000 segments |
|||
| [77] | 2013 | soft ♦ | - | 1 | • | 8 volunteers 59 recordings |
||||
| [78] | 2012 | [119]♦ | - | 1 | • | • | 28 recordings | |||
| [79] | 2012 | Piezoelectric★ electronic ♦ |
- | 1 | • | 126 recordings 63 normal 63 abnormal 723 events 351 normal 372 abnormal |
||||
| [80] | 2012 | - | [124] | N/A | 47 recordings | |||||
| [81] | 2012 | N/M | 180 segments 98 normal 82 wheezes |
|||||||
| [82] | 2012 | - | ACCP | N/A | 10 short recordings (200ms) 33 crackle events |
|||||
| [83] | 2012 | N/M | 26 recordings | |||||||
| [84] | 2012 | N/M | 433 segments | |||||||
| [85] | 2012 | [140]★ | [129] [131] [132] | 1 | • | 47 recordings 689 events |
||||
| [86] | 2011 | [140]★ | [129] [131] [132] | 1 | • | 585 events | ||||
| [87] | 2010 | - | [124] | N/A | 4-7 recordings each class | |||||
| [88] | 2010 | [140]★ | - | 5 | • | • | • | 21 volunteers 393 wheeze events |
||
| [89] | 2009 | [140]★ | - | 14 | • | • | 7 volunteers 492 segments |
|||
| [90] | 2009 | - | [124] | N/A | 24 recordings 2807 segments |
|||||
| [91] | 2009 | Electronic ♦ | - | 1 | • | 36 recordings 360 events |
||||
| [92] | 2009 | - | [129] [132] [134] [135] | N/A | 25 recordings 9 FC 8 CC 8 Squawk 96 segments 32 FC 32 CC 32 squawk |
|||||
| [93] | 2009 | Condenser★ piezoelectric ♦ | - | 1 | • | • | • | 162 volunteers 1544 events |
||
| [94] | 2009 | - | [124] | N/A | 40 events 28 recordings 112 events |
|||||
| [95] | 2009 | - | [129] | N/A | 17 recordings | |||||
| [96] | 2008 | [140]★ | - | 1 | • | 65 volunteers | ||||
| [97] | 2008 | - | [125] | N/A | 40 events 21 normal 19 wheeze |
|||||
| [98] | 2008 | [141]★ | [129] [132] | 1 | • | 14 volunters 186 events 100 normal 86 wheeze |
||||
| [99] | 2007 | ECM★ [137]♦ |
- | 1 | • | 30 volunteers | ||||
| [100] | 2007 | - | [129] [131] [142] | N/A | 18 recordings 5 FC 5 CC 4 normal 4 wheeze 182 crackle events |
|||||
| [101] | 2007 | [141]★ | - | 5 | • | • | • | • | 13 volunteers 422 wheeze events |
|
| [102] | 2005 | Electret★ | - | 2 | • | • | 57 volunteers 18 Obstructive 19 Restrictive 20 healthy |
|||
| [103] | 2005 | [115]★ | - | 1 | • | 16 volunteers 12 asthmatic 4 healthy |
||||
| [104] | 2005 | ★ | - | 25 | • | • | 29 volunteers 10 healthy 19 patients |
|||
| [105] | 2005 | N/M | 2 volunteers 391 events 238 CC 153 FC |
|||||||
| [106] | 2004 | Piezoelectric■ | - | 1 | • | 31 volunteers 16 asthmatic 15 healthy |
||||
| [107] | 2000 | LS-60★ | [129] [131] | 2 | • | • | 2127+321 events 788+251 abnormal 1360+70 normal |
|||
| [108] | 1997 | - | ACCP | N/A | 2 recordings | |||||
| [109] | 1997 | ★ | - | 2 | • | • | 69 volunteers 28 obstructive 23 restrictive 18 healthy |
|||
| [110] | 1996 | N/M | • | 13 volunteers 4 healthy 9 patients 5000 segments |
||||||
| [111] | 1995 | N/M | 710 segments 375 wheeze 335 normal |
|||||||
| [112] | 1992 | ★ | - | 1 | N/M | 9 patients | ||||
| [113] | 1984 | - | [136] | N/A | 147 events | |||||
★ denotes microphone,
♦ denotes stethoscope,
■ denotes accelerometer
ATS: American Thoracic Society website, COPD: COPD website
ACCP: American College Chest Physician teaching tape
N/A: Not Applicable, N/M: Not Mentioned