(A) SORN performance for the Counting Task for sequences of different sizes, with (blue) and without (red) membrane noise. Original SORN refers to the model without iSTDP, SP and membrane noise, as introduced in [32](B), (C) Duration and size distributions, respectively, during the Counting Task for different input sequence sizes n (in the presence of membrane noise). (D) SORN performance for the Random Sequence Task for sequences of different sizes. (E), (F) Duration and size distributions, respectively, during the Random Sequence Task for different input sequence lengths L. Curves show the average of 50 independent simulations and error bars show the 5%–95% percentile interval.