Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of children with E. coli infection or colonization at Mayo Clinic Children’s Hospital, 2012
| Characteristic | No. (%) n = 368 unless indicated |
|---|---|
| Age in years, median (IQR) | 7 (3–15) |
| Female | 317 (86) |
| Specimen type | |
| Urine | 331 (90) |
| Blood | 10 (3) |
| Othera | 27 (7) |
| Patient location at time of specimen collection | |
| Outpatientb | 315 (86) |
| Inpatient | 53 (14) |
| Site of acquisition (n = 365) | |
| Community-associated | 298 (82) |
| Health care-associated | 53 (15) |
| Nosocomial | 14 (3) |
| Sexual activity (n = 349) | 52 (15) |
| Circumcision (n = 33) | 15 (45) |
| Chronic constipation in the previous 1 year (n = 367) | 54 (15) |
| Voiding dysfunction in the previous 1 year (n = 367)c | 66 (18) |
| Intermittent urinary catheterization at time of specimen collection (n = 366) | 22 (6) |
| Any hospitalization in the past 1 year (n = 362) | 99 (27) |
| Urinary tract infection in the past 1 year (n = 364) | 103 (28) |
| E. coli isolates in the past 1 year from any specimen source (n = 355) | 45 (13) |
| E. coli infections in the past 1 year from any specimen source (n = 351) | 40 (11) |
| Structural/functional anomalies within the past 1 year | |
| Cerebrospinal | 26 (7) |
| Craniofacial | 5 (1) |
| Genitourinary tract | 46 (13) |
| Transplant in the past 30 days | |
| Hematopoietic stem cell | 0 |
| Solid organ | 1 (<1) |
| Immunosuppressive therapy within the previous 30 days | |
| Chemotherapy | 1 (<1) |
| Biologicsd | 7 (2) |
| High dose steroidse | 0 |
| Malignancy in the previous 2 years | |
| Solid organ | 2 (<1) |
| Hematologic | 0 |
| Neutropenia within the previous 14 daysf | 2 (<1) |
| Mechanical ventilation within the previous 30 days | 12 (3) |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation within the previous 30 days | 2 (1) |
| Dialysis within the previous 3 months | 2 (1) |
| Any invasive device present at time of specimen collection (n = 366)g | 36 (10) |
| Invasive procedure within the past 90 days | |
| Surgical | 32 (9) |
| Non-surgicalh | 13 (4) |
| Any antibiotic use | |
| At time of specimen collection (n = 361) | 40 (11) |
| Within the past 3 months (n = 360) | 113 (31) |
| Within the past 12 months (n = 363) | 196 (54) |
| Any international travel (n = 77) | 21 (27) |
| Prematurity (ages ≤1 month only; n = 14) | 4 (29) |
| Diabetes | 1 (<1) |
| Cultures representing true infection (n = 346)i | 318 (92) |
IQR interquartile range
aIncludes non-sterile sources (e.g., wound swabs, surgically collected sterile tissue, peritoneal fluid, bile and respiratory tract specimens)
bIncludes clinic and emergency room
cAbnormal elimination patterns such as frequent or infrequent voids, urgency, infrequent stools/constipation, withholding maneuvers, etc.
dIncludes TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitors
eGiven daily or on alternate days for 14 days or more at ≥2 mg/kg per day of prednisone or its equivalent, or ≥20 mg/day if patient weighs more than 10 kg
fAbsolute neutrophil count less than 500 cells/ml
gIncludes urinary catheter, central venous catheter, arterial line, chest tube, endotracheal tube, tracheostomy tube, dialysis catheter, nephrostomy tube, ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, external ventricular drain, stents and prostheses
hExamples include endoscopy, tooth extraction, etc.
iClinical symptoms and objective criteria of inflammation/infection present at site of culture, e.g., UTI symptoms (fever or abdominal pain or dysuria, etc.) and pyuria required for classification as UTI