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. 2017 May 26;7:2440. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02678-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Normalized absorption spectra of GNPs dispersed in water (solid curve), GNP-PEG (dashed curve) and GNPSi9 (dotted curve) dispersed in ethanol. A small red shift in the surface plasmon band of the gold is observed due to the higher refractive index of amorphous silica (1.46), compared to that of ethanol (1.36) and water (1.33). (b) The extinction spectra of GNPs dispersed in water (dotted curve) corresponds to the sum of the scattering and absorption contributions and can be calculated by the Mie theory (Supporting Information, section S1). The calculated extinction cross section (σ _ext) agrees with that obtained experimentally for GNPs in water (solid curve).