Table 1.

Peptide sequences of ACE inhibitor from different sources and their IC50 value

Source	Preparation	IC50	Peptide	Reference
Agaricus bisporus	Ammonium sulphate precipitation	63	AHEPVK	Lau et al., 2013
Alaskan pollack	Alcalase, pronase E, and collagenase	2.6	GPL	Byun and Kim, 2001
Alaskan pollack	Pepsin	14.7	FGASTRGA	Je et al., 2004
Alaskan pollack	Alcalase → pronase E	0.72	LGP	Byun and Kim, 2002
Algae	Pepsin	29.6	VECYGPNRPQF	Sheih et al., 2011
Beef	Thermolysin + proteinase A	23.2a	VLAQYK	Jang and Lee, 2005
Blue mussel	Fermentation with 25% NaCl	19.34a	EVMAGNLYPG	Je et al., 2005
Bonito	Thermolysin; boiling water extract	5.1 3.7	IWHHT IY	Yokoyama et al., 1992
Bonito	Thermolysin; ACE	2.4 0.32	LKPNM LKP	Fujita and Yoshikawa, 1999
Bonito	Autolysis	1.0	LRP	Matsumura et al., 1993
Bovine	Alcalase → Pronase E	2.55	GPL	Kim et al., 2001
Bovine lactoferrin	Pepsin	0.47	LIWKL	Ruiz-Gimenez et al., 2012
Broccoli	Water extraction	10.5a	YPK	Lee et al., 2006a
Buckwheat	Water extraction	6.25a	GPP	Ma et al., 2006
Bullfrog	Alcalase	0.95	GAAELPCSADWW	Qian et al., 2007b
Canola meal	Alcalase	0.15	VSV	Wu et al., 2008b
Catfish	Thermolysin	0.86	GPPP	Ghassem et al., 2012
Chicken	Aspergillus oryzae protease	29	GAXGLXGP	Saiga et al., 2008
Common fig	Latex collection from tree	4.5	LYPVK	Maruyama et al., 1989
Corn	Pescalase	0.1b	PSGQYY	Suh et al., 1999
Corn	Alcalase	14.2	AY	Yang et al., 2007
Cotton leaf worm larvae	Subsequent hydrolysis using pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin	2123	AVF	Vercruysse et al., 2008
Cuttlefish	Digestive proteases	6.1	VYAP	Balti et al., 2010a
Cuttlefish	Bacterial proteases	11.6	AHSY	Balti et al., 2010b
Dwarf gulper shark	Thermoase	3.3a	VW	Ikeda et al., 2015
Egg white	Alcalase	20	RVPSL	Liu et al., 2010
Egg white lysozyme	Combination of pepsin, α-chymotrypsin and trypsin	2.86	VAW	Rao et al., 2012
Garlic	Aqueous extract	3.74	FY	Suetsuna, 1998.
Grass carp	Alcalase	5.34a	VAP	Chen et al., 2012
Grifola frondosa	Water extract	2.6	KYTFAVTTVKTWV	Ohtsuru et al., 2000
Hard clam	Protamex	51	YN	Tsai et al., 2008
Hypsizygus marmoreus	Water extract	190a	LSMGSASLSP	Kang et al., 2013
Larva	Alcalase	17a	YAN	Dai et al., 2013
Lizard fish	Neutral protease	41	SPRCR	Wu et al., 2012
Lysozyme	Papain-trypsin	30a	FESNFNTQATNR	Asoodeh et al., 2012
Microalgae	Alcalase	128.4	VEGY	Ko et al., 2012
Milk	Proteinase, aminopeptidas, x-prolyl-dipeptidyl aminopeptidase	9.13 5.15	VPP IPP	Pan et al., 2005
Mung bean	Alcalase	13.4	KLPAGTLF	Li et al., 2006
Ostrich egg white	Trypsin	80.2	AFKDEDTEEVPFR	Tanzadehpanah et al., 2013
Oyster	Pepsin	66	VVYPWTQRF	Wang et al., 2008a
Pleurotus cornucopiae	Water extraction	460a	RLPSEFDLSAFLRA	Jang et al., 2011
Pleurotus cystidiosus	Ammonium sulphate precipitation	62.8	AHEPVK	Lau et al., 2013
Porcine	Thermolysin	549.0	ITTNP	Arihara et al., 2001
Porcine	Pepsin	6.1	KRVIQX	Muguruma et al., 2009
Porcine haemoglobin	Pepsin	4.92	LGFPTTKTYFPHF	Yu et al., 2006
Porcine skeletal troponin	Pepsin	26.2	KRQKYDI	Katayama et al., 2008
Porcine troponin C	Pepsin	34	RMLGQTPTK	Katayama et al. 2003
Rainbow trout muscle	Pepsin	63.9	KVNGPAMSPNAN	Kim and Byun, 2012
Rice	Hydrolysate	4.5	VWP	Chen et al., 2013
Rice	Alcalase	18.2	TQVY	Li et al., 2007
Rice wine	Concentrates	340a	QFYAV	Kang et al., 2012
Salmon	Alcalase	7.72	FNVPLYE	Ahn et al., 2012
Salmon skin	Alcalase → papain	60a	AP	Gu et al., 2011
Sardine	Alkaline protease	1.63	KW	Matsufuji et al., 1994
Sea bream	Protease	7.5	VIY	Fahmi et al., 2004
Sea cucumber	Bromelain and alcalase	15.9	MEGAQEAQGD	Zhao et al., 2009
Sea cucumber	Bromelain, alcalase	14.2a	EDPGA	Zhao et al., 2007
Seaweed pipefish	Alcalase	620a	TFPHGP	Wijesekara et al., 2011
Sesame	Thermolysin	0.78	LKY	Nakano et al., 2006
Shark	Protease	1.45	FE	Wu et al., 2008a
Shrimp	Fermentation by Lactobacillus fermentum SM 605	2.15	DP	Wang et al., 2008b
Silkworm albumin	Acid protease (Asperqiius usamii NO. 537)	47a	APPPKK	Wang et al., 2011
Sour milk	Fermentation by Lactobacillus helveticus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae	9 5	VPP IPP	Nakamura et al., 1995
Soy bean	Acid proteinase	70 65	LAIPVNKP WL	Kuba et al., 2005
Soy bean	Homogenization with dH2O	29.9	WL	Kuba et al., 2003
Soy bean	Fermentation	2.2a	HHL	Shin et al., 2001
Soy bean	Rapid fermentation	43.7	LVQGS	Rho et al., 2009
Soybean	Protease P	1.69	VLIVP	Gouda et al., 2006
Spinach rubisco	Pepsin-pancreatin	0.38	LRIPVA	Yang et al., 2003
Spirulina platensis	Alcalase	5.77	IQP	Lu et al., 2010
Squid	Esperase	47.78	GRGSVPAXGP	Alemán et al., 2013
Styela plicata	Protamex	24.7	MLLCS	Ko et al., 2011
Sunflower	Pepsin and pancreatin	6.9	FVNPQAGS	Megias et al., 2004
Tricholoma giganteum	Water extraction	40a	GEP	Lee et al., 2004
Tuna	Pepsin	11.28	GDLGKTTTVSNWSPPKXKDTP	Lee et al., 2010a
Tuna	Pepsin	21.6	WPEAAELMMEVDP	Qian et al., 2007a
Wakame	Pepsin	21	YNKL	Suetsuna and Nakano, 2000
Wakame	Protease S “Amano”	1.5	IW	Sato et al., 2002
Walnut	Hydrolysate	25.67a	WPERPPQIP	Liu et al., 2013
Walnut	Hydrolysate	128.98a	LPGRPPIKPWPL	Wang et al., 2014
Yellowfin sole	α-chymotrypsin	28.7a	MIFPGAGGPEL	Jung et al., 2006

^a= μg/mL;

^b= mM; while others are expressed in pM.