Table 1.
Selected studies on the prognostic value of endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease
| Reference | Number of patients | Population * | Method and target vessel | Follow‐up period (months) | ED as (independent) predictor of events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Suwaidi et al., 2000) | 157 | Patients w/o significant coronary stenosis | ACh i.c. Coronary resistance vessels | 28 | No statement |
| (Schachinger et al., 2000) | 147 | Patients with coronary heart disease | ACh i.c. Epicardiac capacity vessels | 80 | Yes |
| (Perticone et al., 2001) | 225 | Patients with untreated arterial hypertension | ACh i.a. Resistance vessels of the forearm | 32 | Yes |
| (Heitzer et al., 2001) | 281 | Patients with coronary heart disease | ACh i.a. Resistance vessels of the forearm | 54 | Yes |
| (Halcox et al., 2002) | 308 | Patients with and without coronary heart disease | ACh i.c. Epicardiac capacity vessels and coronary resistance vessels | 46 | Yes |
| (Gokce et al., 2002) | 187 | Patients with future peripheral and coronary bypass surgery | FMD Capacity vessels of the forearm | 1 | Yes |
| (Targonski et al., 2003) | 503 | Patients with no significant coronary stenosis | ACh i.c. Coronary resistance vessels | 16 | Yes |
| (Gokce et al., 2003) | 199 | Patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease | FMD Capacity vessels of the forearm | 14 | Yes |
| (Brevetti et al., 2003) | 131 | Patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease | FMD Capacity vessels of the forearm | 23 | Yes |
| (Fichtlscherer et al., 2004) | 198 | Patients with acute coronary syndrome | ACh i.a. Resistance vessels of the forearm | 48 | Yes |
| (Heitzer et al., 2005) | 289 | Patients with mild heart failure (EF 35–50%) | ACh i.a. Resistance vessels of the forearm | 36 | Yes |
| (Anderson et al., 2011) | 1574 | Healthy men | FMD Capacity vessels of the forearm | 60 | Yes (Hyperaemic velocity, a marker of microvascular function) |
| (Yeboah et al., 2012) | 1330 | Individuals with intermediate cardiovascular risk | FMD Capacity vessels of the forearm | 120–144 | No, not independent |
| (Matsuzawa et al., 2013) | 528 | Patients at high‐risk for cardiovascular events | RH‐PAT Resistance vessels of the fingertip | 60 | Yes |
| (Maruhashi et al., 2013) | 5314 | Healthy subjects | FMD Capacity vessels of the forearm | 28 | Yes |
| (Suessenbacher et al., 2013) | 396 | Patients with chest pain | FMD Capacity vessels of the forearm | 144 | No |
| (Shechter et al., 2014) | 618 | Healthy subjects | FMD Capacity vessels of the forearm | 34–77 | Yes |
*
ACh, acetylcholine; i.a ., intra‐arterial; i.c ., intra‐coronary; EF, ejection fraction; FMD, flow‐mediated dilation; RH‐PAT, reactive hyperaemia‐peripheral arterial tonometry.