Table 1.
Selected Primary Care Service Area and Individual Characteristics of Women Aged 40 Years or Older Who Reported Doctor's Recommendation for Mammography Within the Past Year (2005 NHIS)
| Characteristic | Unweighted frequencya | Mean | SD | Crude OR (95% CIb) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Ob-GyNs in PCSA per 10,000 PCSA populationc,d | 7,947 | 1.27 | 79.7 | 1.10 (1.04, 1.17)** |
| Number of PCMD in PCSA per 10,000 populationc,d | 7,947 | 7.71 | 300. | 1.03 (1.01, 1.04)** |
| Average distance to closest mammogram in PCSAc,d | 7,945 | 4.47 | 477. | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01)* |
| Unweighted frequency | Weighted % sample | % Recommend receipt | Crude OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population to FTEPCPe | ||||
| <1,000 people per PCP | 2,971 | 37.1 | 63.4 | 1.31 (1.12, 1.56) |
| 1,000–3,000 people per PCP | 4,037 | 50.7 | 62.9 | 1.28 (1.06, 1.55) |
| >3,000 people per PCP | 939 | 12.1 | 56.9 | 1.00 Ref* |
| PCSA Poverty levelf | ||||
| >30% of PCSA lives under 200% FPL | 3,436 | 47.6 | 60.0 | 0.81 (0.72, 0.91) |
| <30% of PCSA lives under 200% FPL | 4,511 | 52.3 | 65.0 | 1.00 Ref*** |
| Race | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 6,235 | 77.6 | 63.9 | 1.62 (1.19, 2.19) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1,221 | 11.0 | 55.2 | 1.12 (0.8, 1.57) |
| Hispanic | 1,104 | 8.61 | 56.0 | 1.16 (0.82, 1.66) |
| Asian American | 197 | 2.66 | 52.3 | 1.00 Ref*** |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 4,049 | 60.1 | 64.6 | 1.31 (1.18, 1.45) |
| Unmarried (incl. LWP) | 4,793 | 39.8 | 58.2 | 1.00 Ref*** |
| Family income | ||||
| <20,000 | 2,303 | 22.9 | 55.2 | 0.57 (0.49, 0.65) |
| $20,000–34,999 | 1,403 | 17.9 | 58.9 | 0.68 (0.57, 0.82) |
| $35,000–54,999 | 1,267 | 18.1 | 63.7 | 0.81 (0.69, 0.96) |
| $55,000–74,999 | 731 | 11.9 | 65.8 | 0.84 (0.68, 1.05) |
| ≥$75,000 | 1,507 | 29.0 | 69.4 | 1.00 Ref*** |
| Limitations | ||||
| Limited in any way | 4,455 | 48.2 | 64.3 | 1.20 (1.09, 1.32) |
| Not limited in any way | 4,401 | 51.7 | 60.0 | 1.00 Ref*** |
| Health insurance | ||||
| Not covered | 840 | 8.51 | 45.3 | 0.49 (0.41, 0.58) |
| Covered | 8,016 | 91.4 | 63.5 | 1.00 Ref*** |
| Age group | ||||
| 40–49 | 2,727 | 33.9 | 60.4 | 1.06 (0.93, 1.21) |
| 50–64 | 3,347 | 38.6 | 65.7 | 1.33 (1.18, 1.51) |
| 65+ | 2,796 | 27.3 | 58.9 | 1.00 Ref*** |
| Education | ||||
| Less than H.S. | 1,681 | 16.2 | 54.9 | 0.63 (0.54, 0.74) |
| H.S. grad | 2,708 | 31.5 | 61.0 | 0.81 (0.7, 0.94) |
| Some college | 2,389 | 27.5 | 64.2 | 0.93 (0.8, 1.07) |
| College grad | 2,030 | 24.5 | 65.9 | 1.00 Ref*** |
| #MD visits in last year | ||||
| None | 6,61 | 7.1 | 30.3 | 0.22 (0.18, 0.27) |
| 1 | 1,192 | 13.8 | 56.8 | 0.66 (0.56, 0.77) |
| 2–5 | 3,886 | 44.6 | 65.5 | 0.95 (0.84, 1.07) |
| 6+ | 3,080 | 34.2 | 66.6 | 1.00 Ref*** |
| Nativity | ||||
| Born in USA | 7,579 | 87.3 | 62.9 | 1.33 (1.15, 1.55) |
| Born outside USA/US territories | 1,282 | 12.6 | 56.0 | 1.00 Ref*** |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current | 1,427 | 15.8 | 60.8 | 1.00 (0.87, 1.14) |
| Former | 2,142 | 24.1 | 66.0 | 1.25 (1.05, 1.46) |
| Never | 5,284 | 60.0 | 60.9 | 1.00 Ref** |
| Region | ||||
| Northeast | 1,640 | 19.6 | 66.5 | 1.27 (1.07, 1.51) |
| Midwest | 2,129 | 24.9 | 65.9 | 1.24 (63.8, 68.3) |
| South | 3,295 | 35.8 | 57.5 | 0.87 (0.75, 1.01) |
| West | 1,806 | 19.5 | 60.9 | 1.00 Ref*** |
The number of respondents by each characteristic may not add up to the total unweighted count due to missing values.
p-Value calculated using Wald F test: p-value * <0.05; ** ≤0.01; *** ≤0.001.
Continuous variables.
Ob-Gyns = obstetricians and gynecologists, PCMD = primary care physicians. Source: Goodman.23
Source: RTI Spatial Impact Factor Web Data.
FPL, federal poverty line. Source: Goodman and Shipman.28
FTEPCP, full-time equivalent primary care provider; NHIS, National Health Interview Survey; Ob-GyNs, obstetrician and gynecologists; PCSA, primary care service area; LVP, living with partner; OR, odds ratio.