Table 2.
Selected Primary Care Service Area and Individual Characteristics of Women Aged 40 Years or Older Who Reported Mammography Use Within the Past 2 Years (2005 NHIS)
| Characteristic | Unweighted frequencya | Mean | SD | Crude OR (95% CIb) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Ob-GyNs in PCSA per 10,000 populationc,d | 8,677 | 1.27 | 84.4 | 1.15 (1.09, 1.22)*** |
| Number of PCMD in PCSA per 10,000 populationc,d | 8,677 | 7.69 | 315. | 1.03 (1.02, 1.05)*** |
| Ratio of IMG Ob-GyN to US Ob-GyNc,d | 7,717 | .29 | 38.8 | 0.83 (0.75, 0.92)*** |
| Average distance to closest mammogram provider in PCSAc,e | 8,675 | 4.48 | 466. | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99)*** |
| Number of mammogram providers in PCSAc,e | 8,150 | 27.0 | 2,563. | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03)** |
| Unweighted frequency | Weighted % sample | % Used mammogram | Crude OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty levelf | ||||
| >30% of PCSA lives under 200% FPL | 4,943 | 52.4 | 64.0 | 0.81 (0.73, 0.90) |
| <30% of PCSA lives under 200% FPL | 3,734 | 47.5 | 68.7 | 1.00*** |
| PCSA densityf | ||||
| Urban/suburban | 7,011 | 80.7 | 67.3 | 1.27 (1.09, 1.47) |
| Large/small town | 1,666 | 19.2 | 61.9 | 1.00** |
| Race | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 6,746 | 77.0 | 67.6 | 1.79 (1.31, 2.43) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1,333 | 11.0 | 64.8 | 1.58 (1.13, 2.2) |
| Hispanic | 1,238 | 8.95 | 58.3 | 1.19 (0.85, 1.69) |
| Asian American | 238 | 2.98 | 53.9 | 1.00*** |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 4,372 | 59.7 | 70.8 | 1.68 (1.53, 1.86) |
| Unmarried (incl. LWP) | 5,278 | 40.2 | 59.0 | 1.00*** |
| Family income | ||||
| <20,000 | 2,594 | 23.5 | 50.9 | 0.33 (0.28, 0.38) |
| $20,000–34,999 | 1,556 | 18.3 | 62.1 | 0.52 (0.44, 0.6) |
| $35,000–54,999 | 1,380 | 18.0 | 67.5 | 0.65 (0.54, 0.78) |
| $55,000–74,999 | 780 | 11.7 | 71.7 | 0.74 (0.58, 0.95) |
| ≥$75,000 | 1,605 | 28.3 | 77.4 | 1.00*** |
| Limitations | ||||
| Limited in any way | 4,853 | 48.2 | 64.3 | 0.86 (0.78, 0.95) |
| Not limited in any way | 4,813 | 51.7 | 67.7 | 1.00** |
| Health insurance | ||||
| Not covered | 1,054 | 9.93 | 37.3 | 0.26 (0.23, 0.31) |
| Covered | 8,613 | 90.0 | 69.3 | 1.00*** |
| Age group | ||||
| 40–49 | 3,050 | 34.5 | 63.2 | 1.04 (0.92, 1.17) |
| 50–64 | 3,607 | 38.4 | 71.2 | 1.49 (1.31, 1.68) |
| 65+ | 3,025 | 27.0 | 62.4 | 1.00*** |
| Education | ||||
| Less than H.S. | 1,868 | 16.6 | 52.1 | 0.34 (0.29, 0.39) |
| H.S. grad | 2,970 | 31.8 | 64.3 | 0.56 (0.49, 0.64) |
| Some college | 2,582 | 27.3 | 68.1 | 0.66 (0.58, 0.76) |
| College grad | 2,191 | 24.1 | 76.3 | 1.00*** |
| #MD visits in last year | ||||
| None | 1,002 | 10.1 | 26.8 | 0.14 (0.12, 0.17) |
| 1 | 1,299 | 13.7 | 62.0 | 0.63 (0.54, 0.74) |
| 2–5 | 4,090 | 43.1 | 72.0 | 0.99 (0.88, 1.12) |
| 6+ | 3,234 | 32.9 | 72.1 | 1.00*** |
| Nativity | ||||
| Born in USA | 8,246 | 87.0 | 66.8 | 1.28 (1.11, 1.48) |
| Born outside USA/US territories | 1,427 | 12.9 | 61.1 | 1.00*** |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current | 1,611 | 16.4 | 55.0 | 0.59 (0.52, 0.67) |
| Former | 2,293 | 23.7 | 70.6 | 1.16 (1.03, 1.31) |
| Never | 5,763 | 59.7 | 67.4 | 1.00*** |
| Employment status | ||||
| Full-time | 3,884 | 41.5 | 69.6 | 1.31 (1.19, 1.46) |
| Not full-time | 5,798 | 58.4 | 63.5 | 1.00*** |
| Health status | ||||
| Excellent/very good | 7,797 | 82.5 | 67.7 | 1.50 (1.32, 1.7) |
| Fair/poor | 1,881 | 17.4 | 58.4 | 1.00*** |
a
The number of respondents by each characteristic may not add up to the total unweighted count due to missing values.
b
p-Value calculated using Wald F test: p-value: ** ≤0.01; *** ≤0.001.
c
Continuous variable.
d
IMG, international medical graduate; Ob-Gyns, obstetricians and gynecologists. Source: Goodman.23
e
Source: RTI Impact Factor Web Data.
f
FPL, federal poverty line. Source: Goodman and Shipman.28