Table 2.
Effect of Gum Arabic supplementation on renal parameters (n = 30).
| Parameter | Baseline level | Follow-up level | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| eGFR (mL/min/1.7 m2) | 29.1 ± 9.9 | 29.5 ± 11.1 | 0.5 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 225 ± 77 | 227 ± 83 | 0.7 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 13.5 ± 5.0 | 13.6 ± 5.3 | 0.8 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 137.8 ± 2.4 (131–143) | 136.3 ± 3.1 (128–141) | 0.002∗ |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | 0.3 |
| Bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 24.0 ± 3.7 | 24.2 ± 3.2 | 0.8 |
| Uric acid (mmol/L) | 466 ± 98 | 453 ± 96 | 0.3 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 0.8 |
| Magnesium (mmol/L) | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.9 |
| Parathyroid hormone (pg/mL) | 256 ± 334 | 256 ± 316 | 1.0 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.1 ± 2.5 | 12.1 ± 2.3 | 0.8 |
| Indoxyl sulfate (mg/L) | 1.2 ± 2.9 | 1.2 ± 2.4 | 0.9 |
| Urine volume (mL/day) | 2116 ± 704 | 2167 ± 692 | 0.6 |
| Creatinine excretion (g/day) | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.6 |
| Urea excretion (mmol/day) | 268 ± 88 | 275 ± 89 | 0.7 |
| Protein excretion (g/day) | 3.2 ± 4.1 | 3.4 ± 4.8 | 0.6 |
| Creatinine clearance (mL/day) | 33.4 ± 14.4 | 34.8 ± 17.4 | 0.4 |
| Urea clearance (mL/day) | 15.6 ± 7.7 | 16.3 ± 8.5 | 0.4 |
eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; BUN: blood urea nitrogen.
∗Statistically significant.