FIGURE 3.

Dammarane sapogenins alters the neurotransmitter content in the cortex and hippocampus of rats exposed to SLSE. Seven neurotransmitters were measured simultaneously using LC-MS/MS. The effects of DS on the contents of four monoamine neurotransmitters were shown: 5-HT (A), DA (B), NE (C), and E (D). The contents of two amino acid neurotransmitters, Glu (E) and GABA (F), were measured at the same time. The content of the cholinergic neurotransmitter ACh is shown in (G). Data are expressed as means ± SEM. All of the differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test (n = 4 for each group, ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001).