FIGURE 6.

Dammarane sapogenins affected the protein expression in the cortices of SLSE-exposed rats. KinexTM antibody microarrays were used and analyzed as described for Figure 6 (n = 3 for each group). The signaling pathways altered between the Ctrl and SLSE groups in cortices are shown in (A). Those altered between the DS and SLSE groups are shown in (B). There were 65 differentially expressed proteins whose trends in the Ctrl and DS groups compared with the SLSE group were consistent. By identifying the interologs, a cortex protein interaction network (C) was constructed with 193 interactions among 65 differentially expressed proteins. The proteins that were upregulated by DS are marked with red circles, and those that were downregulated by DS are marked with green circles. The proteins with more interactions with others were represented with larger circles. (D) Cortical tissue lysates were analyzed by western blotting with the indicated antibodies. (E) The corresponding statistical graphs of western blotting analyses. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. The differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test (^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001).