Figure 3.

Disease-drugs networks. Interaction among different diseases, drugs and genes can be represented in a multi-level network model. For example, network-based approaches have been used to understand shared dysregulated pathways in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and diabetes. For instance, some drugs to treat diabetes patients have shown neuroprotective effects in PD and the observed neuroprotection may be mediated through their interaction with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG). Blue and gray lines represent drug interactions and disease interactions, respectively. This network was retrieved by iCTNet application in Cytoscape v3.1.1. using genetic associations from genome wide association studies (GWAS) and drug interactions from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) as of September 2016.