Table 1. Socio-Demographic, Clinical History and Knowledge Characteristics of Participants between Male and Female.
| Variables | Male (n=286) | Female (n=64) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (±SD) | 59.2 (±11.9) | 71.1 (±11.5) | <0.001 |
| <60 yr | 152 (53.1) | 12 (18.8) | <0.001 |
| ≥60 yr | 134 (46.9) | 52 (81.2) | |
| Education level, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| <Middle school | 83 (30.2) | 42 (79.2) | |
| ≥Middle school | 192 (69.8) | 11 (20.8) | |
| Medical insurance status, n (%) | 0.746 | ||
| National Health Insurance | 272 (95.1) | 62 (96.9) | |
| Medicaid | 14 (4.9) | 2 (3.1) | |
| Residency region, n (%) | 0.849 | ||
| Urban | 243 (85.0) | 54 (84.4) | |
| Rural | 43 (15.0) | 10 (15.6) | |
| Living with others, n (%) | 0.023 | ||
| Alone | 31 (10.9) | 14 (21.9) | |
| With family | 254 (89.1) | 50 (78.1) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Non-smoker | 49 (17.1) | 63 (98.4) | |
| Current or past smoker | 237 (82.9) | 1 (1.6) | |
| Alcohol use status, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Non-drinker | 83 (29.0) | 42 (65.6) | |
| Current drinker | 203 (71.0) | 22 (34.4) | |
| Body mass index, n (%) | 0.003 | ||
| <25.0 kg/m2 | 165 (57.7) | 50 (78.1) | |
| ≥25.0 kg/m2 | 121 (42.3) | 14 (21.9) | |
| Family history of CVD, n (%) | 134 (46.9) | 17 (26.6) | 0.003 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 104 (36.4) | 38 (59.4) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 71 (24.8) | 19 (29.7) | 0.431 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 35 (12.2) | 11 (17.2) | 0.307 |
| Previous CVD, n (%) | 46 (16.1) | 18 (28.1) | 0.031 |
| Previous PCI, n (%) | 23 (8.0) | 7 (10.9) | 0.460 |
| Previous stroke, n (%) | 13 (4.6) | 5 (7.8) | 0.343 |
| Symptoms onset time, n (%) | 0.256 | ||
| Weekday and day (8 am–6 pm) | 106 (37.1) | 29 (45.3) | |
| Weekend or night (6 pm–8 am) | 180 (62.9) | 35 (54.7) | |
| Knowledge of disease for AMI, n (%) | 0.049 | ||
| Did not known | 84 (33.7) | 28 (48.3) | |
| Known | 165 (66.3) | 30 (51.7) | |
| Knowledge of symptoms for AMI, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Did not known | 170 (67.5) | 53 (89.8) | |
| Known | 82 (32.5) | 6 (10.2) | |
| Major symptom, chest pain, n (%) | 1.000 | ||
| Chest pain | 246 (86.0) | 55 (85.9) | |
| Other symptoms | 40 (14.0) | 9 (14.1) | |
| Use of EMS, n (%) | 0.886 | ||
| Did not used | 175 (61.8) | 40 (63.5) | |
| Used | 108 (38.2) | 23 (36.5) | |
| Referral hospital, n (%) | 0.324 | ||
| Did not referred | 120 (42.0) | 22 (34.4) | |
| Referred | 166 (58.0) | 42 (65.6) | |
| Decision time,* minute | 0.712 | ||
| Mean (±SD) | 49.4 (±85.2) | 59.2 (±95.6) | |
| Median (Min–Max) | 25.0 (5.0–720.0) | 20.0 (10.0–480.0) | |
| Arrival time,† minute | 0.041 | ||
| Mean (±SD) | 251.6 (±435.2) | 438.7 (±706.2) | |
| Median (Min–Max) | 124.5 (10.0–3138) | 171.0 (17.0–1814) |
SD, standard deviation; CVD, cardiovascular disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; EMS, emergency medical service.
*Decision time: the time of symptom onset to decision seek help, †Arrival time: the time of symptom onset to emergency room visiting.