Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the derivation sample diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar disorder, with grouping of violence risk factors
| Patients (n=58 771) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Group 1* | ||
| Male sex | 29 077 (49%) | |
| Age (years) | 44 (13) | |
| Previous violent crime | 9212 (16%) | |
| Previous drug use | 7123 (12%) | |
| Previous alcohol use | 8897 (15%) | |
| Previous self-harm | 11 510 (20%) | |
| Educational level | ||
| Lower secondary (<16 years of age) | 17 814/50 752 (35%) | |
| Upper secondary (16–18 years of age) | 26 449/50 752 (52%) | |
| Postsecondary (>18 years of age) | 6489/50 752 (13%) | |
| Parental drug or alcohol use | 5214/47 957 (11%) | |
| Parental violent crime | 3203/47 957 (7%) | |
| Sibling violent crime | 4028 (7%) | |
| Group 2† | ||
| Diagnosis | ||
| Schizophrenia spectrum disorder | 36 755 (63%) | |
| Bipolar disorder | 22 016 (37%) | |
| Recent treatment (within preceding 6 months) | ||
| Mood stabiliser | 10 390/34 039 (31%) | |
| Antipsychotic | 18 401/34 039 (54%) | |
| Antidepressant | 13 255/34 039 (39%) | |
| Dependence | 1030/34 039 (3%) | |
| Inpatient at time of episode | 18 160 (31%) | |
| Length of first inpatient stay >7 days | 24 532 (42%) | |
| More than seven patient episodes | 16 686 (28%) | |
| Group 3‡ | ||
| Received benefits§ | 37 210/57 876 (64%) | |
| Deprivation | ||
| First decile (lowest) | 2793/56 617 (5%) | |
| Fifth decile | 4862/56 617 (9%) | |
| Tenth decile (highest) | 10 769/56 617 (19%) | |
| Never married | 34 506/57 459 (60%) | |
| Personal income | ||
| First decile (lowest) | 5444/57 876 (9%) | |
| Fifth decile | 9169/57 876 (16%) | |
| Tenth decile (highest) | 2009/57 876 (3%) | |
| Children in household | 11 079 (19%) | |
| Parental psychiatric admission to hospital | 13 225/47 957 (28%) | |
| Parental suicide | 1417/47 957 (3%) | |
| Comorbid depression | 11 934/36 755 (32%)¶ | |
| Recent death of family member (within preceding 6 months) | 953/47 957 (2%) | |
Data are n (%), mean (SD), or n/N (%).
*
Variables included in the model on the basis of previous evidence.
†
Variables considered for the model with strong evidence, but retained in the model if significant.
‡
Variables considered for the model with weaker evidence, but retained in the model if significant.
§
Welfare or disability benefits.
¶
Denominator is the number of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.