Table 3. Significant multivariate risk factors for clinically unrecognized invasive vulvar carcinoma detection in VHSIL (n=216).

Risk factor		OR	95% CI	p
Patient age (tertiles, yr)				0.028
	19–42	1.00	reference
	43–62	3.67	0.75–18.00
	63–88	8.11	1.71–38.50
Lesion size (mm)				0.003
	<20	1.00	reference
	≥20	6.78	1.50–30.60
	Unknown	0.37	0.07–1.89
Involvement of clitoris				0.001
	No	1.00	reference
	Yes	18.00	4.01–80.90
	Unknown	-	-
Lesion appearance				0.250
	Macule	1.00	reference
	Nodule	8.28	0.79–86.50
	Papule	4.92	0.48–50.30
	Plaque	6.17	0.69–57.00
	Ulcer	-	-
	Unknown	0.71	0.04–12.90

Year of treatment, vulvar thirds involved, multifocality, and reddish color were removed from the model as nonsignificantly contributing to its likelihood (p>0.10).

CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; VHSIL, vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.