Table 2.
Levels of tt-MA in analyzed urine samples
| Study group | Smoking status | Urine sample | tt-MA (μg/g creatinine) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical company workers | Smokers | Morning | 1,824 ± 147 |
| Evening | 4,616 ± 225 | ||
| Nonsmokers | Morning | 987 ± 111 | |
| Evening | 2,271 ± 780 | ||
| Police officers | Smokers | Morning | 571 ± 120 |
| Evening | 820 ± 187 | ||
| Nonsmokers | Morning | 321 ± 145 | |
| Evening | 544 ± 160 | ||
| Urban residents | Smokers | Morning | 425 ± 198 |
| Evening | 501 ± 161 | ||
| Nonsmokers | Morning | 224 ± 55 | |
| Evening | 275 ± 57 | ||
| Rural residents | Smokers | Morning | 352 ± 102 |
| Evening | 351 ± 201 | ||
| Nonsmokers | Morning | 125 ± 87 | |
| Evening | 160 ± 52 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments.
tt-MA trans, trans-muconic acid.