Table 5. Univariate Cox Regression Analysis: MACE.
| MACE (n = 11) | No MACE (n = 25) | HR (95% CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 45.0 ± 15.0 | 40.0 ± 18.5 | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 0.624 |
| Female | 5 (45.5) | 10 (40.0) | 1.32 (0.39–4.41) | 0.655 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.5 ± 1.1 | 22.5 ± 3.3 | 1.02 (0.82–1.27) | 0.874 |
| Past history | ||||
| Hypertension | 0 (0) | 3 (12.0) | 0.04 (0.0–262.62) | 0.477 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA | NA |
| Diabetes | 1 (9.9) | 1 (4.0) | 3.10 (0.38–25.41) | 0.293 |
| Smoking | 3 (27.3) | 4 (16.0) | 1.43 (0.52–3.93) | 0.490 |
| ECG alteration | ||||
| ST elevation | 2 (18.2) | 13 (52.0) | 0.29 (0.06–1.34) | 0.112 |
| ST depression | 1 (9.9) | 8 (32.0) | 0.33 (0.04–2.60) | 0.290 |
| Negative T | 3 (27.3) | 4 (16.0) | 1.32 (0.33–5.25) | 0.689 |
| Pathologic Q | 1 (9.9) | 3 (12.0) | 0.82 (0.10–6.41) | 0.848 |
| AV block | 2 (18.2) | 2 (8.0) | 0.61 (0.13–2.88) | 0.530 |
| LBBB or RBBB | 1 (9.1) | 3 (12.0) | 1.22 (0.15–9.79) | 0.852 |
| Ventricular tachycardia | 0 (0) | 1 (4.0) | 0.47 (0–458654.76) | 0.710 |
| Initial NYHA functional class | ||||
| III/IV | 8 (72.7) | 14 (56.0) | 2.14 (0.57–8.12) | 0.263 |
| Initial blood testing | ||||
| Troponin I, ng/mL | 10.3 ± 12.2 | 17.9 ± 24.9 | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 0.289 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 1125.5 ± 91.02 | 748.4 ± 761.5 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.126 |
| CK-MB, ug/L | 17.8 ± 27.3 | 57.7 ± 60.1 | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | 0.103 |
| Beta-blocker medication | 6 (54.5) | 14 (56.0) | 0.89 (0.27–2.90) | 0.836 |
| CMR imaging parameter | ||||
| LVEDVI, mL/m2 | 102.7 ± 59.4 | 72.4 ± 23.3 | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.119 |
| LVESVI, mL/m2 | 75.7 ± 62.2 | 37.6 ± 21.4 | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.073 |
| LVMI, g/m2 | 81.4 ± 33.3 | 61.9 ± 15.4 | 1.02 (1.00–1.05) | 0.039 |
| RVEF, % | 42.9 ± 17.1 | 54.1 ± 11.6 | 0.97 (0.93–1.00) | 0.068 |
| LVEF, % | 33.4 ± 17.8 | 61.2 ± 10.0 | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) | 0.007 |
| Presence of LGE | 10 (90.9) | 13 (50.0) | 9.93 (1.25–79.0) | 0.030 |
| EccSAX, % | -6.2 ± 6.0 | -10.9 ± 3.6 | 1.20 (1.07–1.35) | 0.003 |
| ErrSAX, % | 9.5 ± 6.2 | 17.0 ± 7.4 | 0.87 (0.79–0.96) | 0.005 |
| EllLV, % | -7.0 ± 3.8 | -12.2 ± 4.2 | 1.33 (1.11–1.61) | 0.003 |
| ErrLax, % | 12.2 ± 8.0 | 22.1 ± 7.6 | 0.87 (0.80–0.95) | 0.002 |
Values are n (%) or mean ± SD. AV = atrioventricular, BMI = body mass index, BNP = brain natriuretic peptide, CI = confidence interval, CK-MB = creatine kinase MB, CMR = cardiovascular magnetic resonance, EccSAX = LV circumferential strain measured from short-axis cine views, ECG = electrocardiography, EllLV = LV longitudinal strain measured from long-axis cine views, ErrLax = LV radial strain measured from long-axis cine views, ErrSAX = LV radial strain measured from short-axis cine views, HR = hazard ratio, LBBB = left bundle branch block, LGE = late gadolinium enhancement, LV = left ventricle, LVEDVI = LV end-diastolic volume index, LVEF = LV ejection fraction, LVESVI = LV end-systolic volume index, LVMI = LV mass index, MACE = major adverse cardiovascular events, NA = not applicable, NYHA = New York Heart Association, RBBB = right bundle branch block, RVEF = right ventricular ejection fraction