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. 2017 May 29;7:2487. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02626-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) A set of EEG recordings taken from subgranular layers 4 (Ctx4) and 5 (Ctx5) of the somatosensory cortex and postero/lateral nucleus of the thalamus (PO). (b) Energy of wavelet transformation, corresponding to the EEG signals shown above and distributed over the range of timescales s = 1/f, where f is the linear frequency. (c) The resulting surface $W (s, t) = \prod^{} W_{i} (s, t)$ . The oscillatory pattern occurring prior to SWD onset, which is considered as a precursor of SWD, is encircled. (d) The momentary distributions of the wavelet energy in the 5–10 Hz band, taken for 4 seconds (I) and ~0.5 second (II) before SWD onset. The left figure shows that at 4 seconds before SWD onset only cortical EEGs exhibit a local synchronization in the precursor band (i.e. the local increase of energy appears in the frequency ~7 Hz). The wavelet energies of the cortical EEGs exhibit a synchronized increase (i.e. the lines are aligned to each other), while the wavelet energy of the thalamic EEG does not (i.e. the thalamic line is shifted relative to the others). The right figure shows that at ~0.5 second before SWD onset the wavelet energy is increased for all three channels. (e) Percentage of predicted and detected SWDs within the 4 hours recording of the first group of six WAG/Rij rats. Remember that no SWDs remained undetected by this (first) algorithm, the SWDs that were not predicted were quickly detected; Number of false positives across different states of alertness. For each rat and each state of alertness, 5 segments of 50 seconds duration were randomly selected in each recording for quantification of the number of false alarms.