Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with community-acquired or hospital-acquired dysnatremia.
| Variable | Hyponatremia | Hypernatremia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA (n=7,059) | HA (n=8,180) | P | CA (n=850) | HA (n=837) | P | |
| Age, year | 63.0 (52.0–72.0) | 60.0 (50.0–68.0) | 0.000 | 64.0 (54.0–74.3) | 63.0 (54.0–73.5) | 0.515 |
| >65, n (%) | 2,969 (42.1) | 2,680 (32.8) | 0.000 | 386 (45.4) | 365 (43.6) | 0.456 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 4,845 (68.6) | 5,422 (66.3) | 0.002 | 496 (58.4) | 472 (56.4) | 0.415 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.4 (20.0–24.9) | 22.8 (20.7–25.3) | 0.010 | 23.4 (20.6–25.7) | 23.6 (21.8–26.3) | 0.731 |
| Underlying diseases, n(%)§ | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||
| Cancer | 1,577 (37.8) | 2,600 (62.2) | 0.000 | 73 (38.8) | 115 (61.2) | 0.001 |
| Pulmonary | 956 (83.1) | 195 (16.9) | 0.000 | 66 (61.1) | 42 (38.9) | 0.021 |
| Cardiovascular | 802 (55.5) | 643 (44.5) | 0.000 | 180 (73.5) | 65 (26.5) | 0.000 |
| Digestive | 1,016 (74.5) | 347 (25.5) | 0.000 | 71 (71.0) | 29 (29.0) | 0.000 |
| Endocrine | 151 (70.2) | 64 (29.8) | 0.000 | 37 (56.1) | 29 (43.9) | 0.347 |
| Hematological | 211 (55.5) | 169 (44.5) | 0.000 | 28 (62.2) | 17 (37.8) | 0.107 |
| Neurological | 189 (48.1) | 204 (51.9) | 0.476 | 67 (45.0) | 82 (55.0) | 0.166 |
| Urinary and renal | 458 (56.5) | 352 (43.5) | 0.000 | 67 (45.9) | 79 (54.1) | 0.256 |
| Cardiothoracic surgery | 299 (13.9) | 1,857 (86.1) | 0.000 | 81 (26.6) | 223 (73.4) | 0.000 |
| General surgery | 728 (35.6) | 1,317 (64.4) | 0.000 | 74 (43.0) | 98 (57.0) | 0.042 |
| Orthopedic surgery | 137 (49.5) | 140 (50.5) | 0.291 | 22 (56.4) | 17 (43.6) | 0.446 |
| Gynecological | 139 (46.0) | 163 (54.0) | 0.917 | 13 (56.5) | 10 (43.5) | 0.553 |
| Others | 396 (75.4) | 129 (24.6) | 0.000 | 71 (69.6) | 31 (30.4) | 0.000 |
| Clinical data at admission | ||||||
| SBP, mmHg | 120.0 (110.0–135.0) | 120.0 (111.0–132.0) | 0.596 | 130.0 (120.0–140.0) | 130.0 (118.0–140.0) | 0.825 |
| DBP, mmHg | 76.0 (70.0–80.0) | 78.0 (70.0–80.0) | 0.000 | 80.0 (70.0–81.0) | 80.0 (69.0–82.0) | 0.109 |
| WBC, 109/L | 7.1 (5.2–9.8) | 6.0 (4.7–7.6) | 0.000 | 6.3 (4.8–8.2) | 6.6 (5.2–8.9) | 0.002 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 117.0 (99.0–132.0) | 128.0 (113.0–140.0) | 0.000 | 126.0 (111.0–139.0) | 123.0 (106.0–138.0) | 0.025 |
| AST, U/L | 26.0 (17.0–49.0) | 23.0 (17.0–37.0) | 0.000 | 20.0 (16.0–29.0) | 21.0 (16.0–31.0) | 0.296 |
| ALT, U/L | 22.0 (13.0–42.0) | 21.0 (13.0–36.0) | 0.000 | 18.0 (13.0–29.0) | 18.0 (12.0–30.0) | 0.421 |
| TBIL, μmol/L | 10.3 (6.6–18.0) | 10.1 (7.2–14.7) | 0.000 | 9.4 (6.9–13.1) | 10.2 (6.8–15.2) | 0.009 |
| Albumin, g/L | 36.0 (31.0–40.0) | 39.0 (35.0–42.0) | 0.000 | 38.0 (34.0–41.0) | 37.0 (33.0–40.0) | 0.002 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 5.9 (5.0–7.9) | 5.2 (4.7–6.2) | 0.000 | 5.2 (4.7–6.2) | 5.2 (4.7–6.4) | 0.277 |
| SCr, μmol/L | 71.0 (58.0–90.0) | 73.0 (61.0–87.0) | 0.000 | 80.0 (65.0–101.0) | 79.0 (65.0–109.0) | 0.526 |
| BUN, mmol/L | 5.0 (3.8–7.0) | 5.1 (4.0–6.4) | 0.455 | 5.6 (4.4–8.3) | 6.1 (4.6–8.8) | 0.081 |
| SUA, mmol/L | 267.0 (195.0–356.0) | 298.0 (239.0–369.0) | 0.000 | 328.0 (256.0–412.0) | 323.5 (255.0–417.3) | 0.748 |
| Na, mmol/L | 135.0 (133.0–136.0) | 140.0 (139.0–142.0) | 0.000 | 148.0 (148.0–150.0) | 143.0 (141.0–144.0) | 0.000 |
| K, mmol/L | 4.1 (3.8–4.4) | 4.1 (3.8–4.3) | 0.000 | 4.0 (3.7–4.3) | 3.9 (3.6–4.2) | 0.018 |
| Cl, mmol/L | 97.0 (94.0–99.0) | 102.0 (100.0–104.0) | 0.000 | 109.0 (107.0–111.0) | 104.0 (102.0–106.0) | 0.000 |
| Mg, mmol/L | 0.89 (0.82–0.96) | 0.90 (0.84–0.97) | 0.000 | 0.94 (0.87–1.01) | 0.92 (0.85–0.99) | 0.000 |
| Ca, mmol/L | 2.23 (2.11–2.35) | 2.28 (2.17–2.37) | 0.000 | 2.28 (2.18–2.37) | 2.26 (2.11–2.36) | 0.001 |
| P, mmol/L | 1.05 (0.88–1.22) | 1.12 (0.97–1.26) | 0.000 | 1.12 (0.95–1.26) | 1.11 (0.92–1.29) | 0.880 |
| Osmolality, mOsm/L | 289.0 (285.2–293.4) | 300.7 (297.0–304.4) | 0.000 | 316.2 (314.1–321.1) | 305.2 (301.3–309.7) | 0.000 |
| CO2CP, mmol/L | 23.0 (21.0–25.0) | 24.0 (22.0–26.0) | 0.000 | 25.0 (23.0–27.0) | 24.0 (22.0–26.0) | 0.000 |
| AG, mmol/L | 14.0 (12.0–16.0) | 14.0 (12.0–16.0) | 0.000 | 15.0 (13.0–16.0) | 15.0 (13.0–17.0) | 0.866 |
§
Row N%.
CA – community-acquired; HA – hospital-acquired; BMI – body mass index; SBP – systolic blood pressure; DBP – diastolic blood pressure; WBC – white blood cell; ALT – alanine aminotransferase; AST – aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL – total bilirubin; SCr – serum creatinine; BUN – blood urea nitrogen; SUA – serum uric acid; CO2CP – carbon dioxide combining power; AG – anion gap.