Table 1.
Comparison of the level of self-esteem, social support and family function scores between two groups .
| Variables | Grandparenting group (n = 645) | Parents-raising group (n = 1764) | t-value | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-esteem | 29.90 ± 4.256 | 30.28 ± 4.132 | 2.000 | 0.046 |
| Social support | ||||
| Total | 66.75 ± 10.523 | 67.90 ± 10.319 | 2.399 | 0.017 |
| Family | 22.41 ± 4.342 | 23.05 ± 4.127 | 3.3.15 | 0.001 |
| Friends | 22.39 ± 4.143 | 22.61 ± 3.979 | 1.190 | 0.234 |
| Others | 21.94 ± 3.948 | 22.21 ± 3.805 | 1.544 | 0.123 |
| Family function | ||||
| PS | 12.56 ± 2.091 | 12.38 ± 2.260 | -1.821 | 0.069 |
| CM | 19.04 ± 3.847 | 18.59 ± 3.921 | -2.500 | 0.012 |
| RL | 23.22 ± 3.711 | 22.77 ± 3.598 | -2.681 | 0.007 |
| AR | 13.10 ± 2.923 | 12.82 ± 3.032 | -2.010 | 0.045 |
| AI | 14.30 ± 2.798 | 13.89 ± 2.785 | -3.229 | 0.001 |
| BC | 20.24 ± 2.755 | 20.14 ± 2.715 | -0.780 | 0.436 |
| GF | 22.29 ± 4.942 | 21.61 ± 4.877 | -2.996 | 0.003 |
PS, problem solving; CM, communication; RL, role; AR, affective responsiveness; AI, affective involvement; BC, behavioral control; GF, general functioning.