Table 3. Testing Homogeneity Between the Telephone Counseling Group and the SMS Group.

Variable	Category	Telephone, n (%)/Mean (SD)	Text Message, n (%)/Mean (SD)	χ2, t or F(p)
Gender	Male	1 (4.8)	2 (10.5)	(.596)
	Female	20 (95.2)	17 (89.5)
Age	50–60	10 (47.6)	8 (42.1)	0.123 (.761)
	70–80	11 (52.4)	11 (57.9)
Cohabitation	Alone	3 (14.3)	4 (21.1)	0.454 (.903)
	Spouse	14 (66.7)	12 (63.2)
	Children	4 (19.0)	3 (15.8)
BMI	Normal (18.5–22.9)	7 (33.3)	3 (15.8)	2.554 (.311)
	Overweight (23.0–24.9)	3 (14.3)	8 (31.6)
	Obesity (25+)	11 (52.4)	10 (52.6)
Number of comorbidities	One or fewer	11 (52.4)	14 (73.7)	1.931 (.204)
	Two or more	10 (47.6)	5 (26.3)
KF	Pain	2.16 (0.45)	2.64 (0.45)	−3.41 (.002)
	Stiffness	2.33 (0.29)	2.55 (0.39)	−2.11 (.042)
	ADL disability	2.37 (0.37)	2.81 (0.37)	−3.74 (.001)
	Total	2.33 (0.34)	2.75 (0.36)	−3.84 (.000)
ADL		1.12 (0.15)	1.11 (0.16)	0.21 (.837)
LS		2.03 (0.31)	1.90 (0.28)	1.40 (.169)

Note. ADL = activities of daily living; BMI = body mass index; KF = knee function; LS = life satisfaction.