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. 2017 May 19;6(5):38. doi: 10.3390/foods6050038

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Score plot of principal component analysis (PCA) using raw infrared spectra (log 1/R) with Hotelling’s T² ellipse for outlier inspection. Calibration samples (squares) and validation samples (circles) are marked accordingly. PC: principal component.