Table 2.
Behavioral results. Mean z-score (SD).
| ALL | mAD | aMCI | HE | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔCT | ΔAC | T | p | N | r | ΔCT | ΔAC | T | p | N | r | ΔCT | ΔAC | T | p | N | r | ΔCT | ΔAC | T | p | N | r | |
| Memory (z) | 0.30 (0.54) | 0.10 (0.55) | 903 | 0.05 | 70 | 0.17 | 0.14 (0.36) | −0.14 (0.51) | 81 | 0.14 | 22 | 0.22 | 0.32 (0.47) | 0.03 (0.51) | 73 | 0.05 | 23 | 0.29 | 0.42 (0.7) | 0.38 (0.5) | 158 | 0.9 | 25 | 0.02 |
| Attention (z) | 0.20 (0.65) | −0.20 (0.74) | 778 | 0.01 | 70 | 0.23 | 0.28 (0.94) | −0.47 (1.14) | 71 | 0.07 | 22 | 0.27 | 0.21 (0.42) | −0.01 (0.46) | 92 | 0.16 | 23 | 0.21 | 0.12 (0.5) | −0.14 (0.38) | 103 | 0.11 | 25 | 0.23 |
| EF (z) | 0.08 (0.66) | 0.05 (0.6) | 1093 | 0.38 | 70 | 0.07 | −0.06 (0.82) | 0.12 (0.79) | 129 | 0.94 | 22 | −0.01 | 0.04 (0.66) | 0.01 (0.6) | 129 | 0.78 | 23 | 0.04 | 0.24 (0.45) | 0.03 (0.39) | 112 | 0.17 | 25 | 0.19 |
Abbreviations: SD = standard deviation; ALL = all participants; HE = healthy elderly; aMCI = amnestic mild cognitive impairment subjects; mAD = mild Alzheimer’s Disease patients; EF = executive functions; ΔCT = difference between post-CT and pre-CT; ΔAC = difference between post-AC and pre-AC; p = probability value 2-sided; T = test statistic of Wilcoxon signed-rank comparing the ΔCT and ΔAC (significant p-values are in bold); z = z-scores calculated on published normative data of the same age and education sample; N = number of subjects in the Wilcoxon signed-rank test analysis; r = effect size derived from T statistic converted in z-scores/root square of the number of total observations.