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. 2017 May 30;5(1):cox031. doi: 10.1093/conphys/cox031

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© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press and the Society for Experimental Biology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 6: — 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) is the primary lampricide and is used to target larval sea lamprey residing in Great Lakes streams (top three pictures). 2′,5-Dichloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide) is used as an additive to TFM during larger treatments, which reduces costs, but maintains the effectiveness and selectivity of the treatments. A time-release granular formulation of niclosamide is used to treat infested connecting waterways between the lakes and estuaries of infested streams (middle two pictures). Sea lamprey larvae are killed (bottom two pictures) before they can harm fishes. Photo credits: Top left and right—M. Siefkes, Great Lakes Fishery Commission; top centre and middle—T. Lawrence, Great Lakes Fishery Commission; bottom—Great Lakes Fishery Commission.