Figure 5.

Treatment with increasing concentrations of ZNE leads to a graded decrease in TNF-α-evoked adhesion of THP-1 cells to VSMCs (a) and HUVECs (b). Values represented are mean ± SEM of % THP-1 cell adhesion upon treatment with the corresponding vehicle control (n = 3 replicates). Statistical significance was tested with ANOVA followed by Tuckey's post-hoc test. ∗ denotes P < 0.05 compared to that of the THP-1 cell adhesion evoked by TNF-α in the absence of ZNE, while # denotes P < 0.05 compared to that of the cell adhesion seen upon treatment with the vehicle control.