Table 2.

Testing individual psychological vs. state normative SDO mediation effects on individual-level hierarchy-enhancing attitudes and behaviors in study 2

Predictors/dependent variables	Context effects → SDO (a)	SDO → hierarchy-enhancing attitudes and behaviors (b)	Indirect effects (a*b)	Unmediated effects (context → hierarchy-enhancing attitudes and behaviors) (c′)
State-level predictor: Economic inequality (Gini)
Individual-level process
Economic inequality (cross-level effect)	3.47**
Ethnic persecution		0.58**	2.02**	2.81
Blatant racism		0.78**	2.72**	0.99
Welfare opposition		1.22**	4.21**	0.30
Hostile sexism		0.90**	3.10**	4.82*
Benevolent sexism		0.64**	2.22**	−0.13
State (cross)-level processes
Economic inequality (state level)	3.47**
Ethnic persecution		0.55	1.37	2.81
Blatant racism		0.83*	1.64	0.99
Welfare opposition		1.24	4.30	0.30
Hostile sexism		0.76	2.64	4.82*
Benevolent sexism		1.27*	4.41	−0.13
State-level predictor: Presence of violence (US Peace Index)
Individual-level process
Presence of violence (cross-level effect)	0.09*
Ethnic persecution		0.58**	0.05*	0.07
Hostile sexism		0.78**	0.07*	0.06
Benevolent sexism		1.21**	0.11*	0.12
Welfare opposition		0.90**	0.08*	0.11
Blatant racism		0.64**	0.06*	0.21**
State-level processes
Presence of violence (state level)	0.09*
Ethnic persecution		0.55*	0.05	0.07
Hostile sexism		0.76*	0.07	0.06
Benevolent sexism		0.98*	0.09	0.12
Welfare opposition		0.79*	0.07	0.11
Blatant racism		0.85*	0.07	0.21**

Asterisks indicate statistical significance: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.