Table 1. Differentially expressed proteins identified in SD rat BALF after exposure to ZnO NPs.

Spot No.a	Accession No.b	Protein name	Therretical Mr (kDa)/pI (Experimental Mr (kDa)/pI)	Unique peptides matched	Mascot score (% coverage)	Proteins identified in LC-MS/MS analysis	Biological process	Molecular function	Mean spot volume: Control group Mean±S.D.	Mean spot volume: Exposed group Mean±S.D.	Fold changes	t Test (p-value)
1	P17475	Alpha-1-antiproteinase	46.3/5.7 (51.2/5.3)	4	160 (21)	v	inflammatory response, response to stimulus	endopeptidase inhibitor activity	0.119±0.009	0.257±0.047	2.16	1.6E-02
2	Q68FP1	Gelsolin	86.4/5.8 (51.2/6.5)	6	420 (21)		cellular component organization or biogenesis	actin binding	0.037±0.014	0.106±0.016	2.84	2.7E-03
3	P35248	Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D	37.9/6.8 (43.5/6.5)	5	168 (21)		immune response, response to stimulus	carbohydrate binding	0.024±0.010	0.059±0.005	2.42	6.0E-03
4	Q9EQS0	Transaldolase	37.6/6.6 (36.5/6.5)	7	150 (38)		metabolic process	catalytic activity	0.025±0.005	0.040±0.007	1.61	2.0E-02
5	Q03626	Murinoglobulin-1	166.6/5.7 (36.0/6.3)	3	217 (7)	v	inflammatory response, response to stimulus	catalytic activity, peptidease inhibitor activity	0.081±0.036	0.210±0.045	2.61	9.7E-03
6	P01026	Complement C3	187.8/6.1 (34.1/6.4)	10	948 (8)	v	inflammatory response, response to stimulus	catalytic activity, endopeptidease inhibitor activity	0.040±0.018	0.162±0.018	4.06	5.6E-04
7	Q9QX79	Fetuin-B	42.4/6.7 (33.1/6.6)	3	94 (6)	v	metabolic process	catalytic activity, endopeptidease inhibitor activity	0.032±0.008	0.102±0.020	3.20	8.6E-03
8	Q8K4I4	BPI fold-containing family A member 1	27.9/6.2 (31.0/4.9)	4	526 (18)		immune response, response to stimulus	lipid binding	0.019±0.002	0.038±0.003	2.04	6.6E-04
9	P12346	Serotransferrin	78.5/7.1 (31.0/6.7)	4	278 (7)		inflammatory response, response to stimulus	iron ion binding	0.043±0.005	0.190±0.005	4.40	1.9E-06
10	Q9Z339	Glutathione S-transferase omega-1	27.9/6.3 (29.6/6.7)	3	65 (20)		response to stimulus, metabolic process	catalytic activity, oxidoreductase activity	0.020±0.003	0.057±0.020	2.88	3.9E-02
11	Q8K4I4	BPI fold-containing family A member 1	27.9/6.2 (28.1/6.7)	6	777 (30)		immune response, response to stimulus	lipid binding	0.106±0.024	0.313±0.032	2.94	6.0E-04
12	P02651	Apolipoprotein A-IV	44.4/5.1 (27.5/5.4)	5	342 (17)	v	metabolic process	lipid binding	0.012±0.004	0.038±0.006	3.11	2.8E-03
13	Q8K4I4	BPI fold-containing family A member 1	27.9/6.2 (25.8/5.2)	2	266 (18)		immune response, response to stimulus	lipid binding	0.018±0.004	0.038±0.008	2.14	1.2E-02
14	P30152	Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin	22.6/7.7 (26.0/5.6)	4	224 (33)		immune response, response to stimulus, response to oxidative stress	iron ion binding	0.009±0.001	0.228±0.042	24.82	5.9E-03
15	O88767	Protein deglycase DJ-1	20.2/6.3 (25.8/6.1)	3	69 (45)		inflammatory response, response to stimulus, response to oxidative stress	catalytic activity, superoxide dismutase copper chaperone activity	0.046±0.011	0.076±0.014	1.66	2.1E-02
16	O35244	Peroxiredoxin-6	24.9/5.6 (23.8/5.3)	6	569 (42)	v	response to stimulus, response to oxidative stress	oxidoreductase activity, antioxidant activity	0.011±0.002	0.035±0.008	3.22	1.1E-02
17	P08427	Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A	26.7/4.8 (23.8/4.9)	2	277 (8)		response to stimulus, response to hypoxia	carbohydrate binding	0.029±0.005	0.049±0.004	1.72	3.5E-03
18	P24090	Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein	38.8/6.1 (21.0/4.2)	1	34 (4)	v	response to stimulus, inflamatory response	catalytic activity, endopeptidease inhibitor activity	0.010±0.007	0.099±0.010	9.80	2.8E-04
19	P48199	C-reactive protein	25.7/4.9 (19.4/4.2)	1	154 (4)		response to stimulus, inflamatory response	lipid binding	0.010±0.003	0.035±0.006	3.59	3.1E-03
20	P24090	Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein	38.8/6.1 (21.0/4.3)	1	45 (4)	v	response to stimulus, inflamatory response	catalytic activity, endopeptidease inhibitor activity	0.025±0.011	0.194±0.015	7.88	8.1E-05
21	Q63716	Peroxiredoxin-1	22.3/8.3 (25.0/6.8)	15	152 (53)	v	response to stimulus, response to oxidative stress	oxidoreductase activity, antioxidant activity	0.032±0.015	0.073±0.002	2.26	2.0E-02
22	Q8K4I4	BPI fold-containing family A member 1	27.9/6.2 (27.5/6.7)	1	148 (8)		immune response, response to stimulus	lipid binding	0.050±0.009	0.161±0.012	3.22	1.5E-04
23	P14668	Annexin A5	35.8/4.9 (32.2/4.9)	5	156 (17)		response to stimulus	lipid binding	0.046±0.009	0.021±0.007	0.47	1.0E-02
24	P04906	Glutathione S-transferase P	23.7/6.9 (26.5/6.6)	6	277 (52)		response to stimulus, response to superoxide	catalytic activity, glutathione transferase activity	0.159±0.025	0.051±0.014	0.32	3.4E-03
25	O88767	Protein deglycase DJ-1	20.2/6.3 (25.8/6.4)	3	69 (45)		inflammatory response, response to stimulus, response to oxidative stress	catalytic activity, superoxide dismutase copper chaperone activity	0.179±0.026	0.059±0.011	0.33	3.5E-03
26	P31044	Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1	20.9/5.5 (21.5/5.7)	4	354 (29)		response to stimulus, metabolic process	endopeptidase inhibitor activity, nucleotide binding	0.065±0.011	0.031±0.000	0.48	1.6E-02
27	P02761	Major urinary protein	21.0/5.9 (19.4/5.7)	7	345 (39)		response to stimulus	pheromone binding	3.316±0.233	1.745±0.061	0.53	2.4E-03
28	P07632	Superoxide dismutase [Cu–Zn]	16.1/5.9 (18.0/6.3)	8	899 (58)		response to stimulus, response to superoxide	catalytic activity, superoxide dismutase activity	0.902±0.095	0.509±0.039	0.56	5.1E-03
29	P02091	Hemoglobin subunit beta-1	16.1/7.9 (18.0/6.5)	2	155 (23)	v	transport	transporter activity	0.076±0.013	0.040±0.003	0.52	1.8E-02
30	P11232	Thioredoxin	12.0/4.8 (11.0/5.0)	4	526 (58)		response to stimulus, response to oxidative stress	oxidoreductase activity, antioxidant activity	0.390±0.083	0.148±0.024	0.38	1.5E-02
31	P01946	Hemoglobin subunit alpha-1/2	15.5/7.8 (10.0/6.6)	4	97 (42)	v	transport	transporter activity	0.395±0.039	0.159±0.032	0.40	7.8E-04

a) Number refer to spots depicted in Fig. 2. b) Protein accession number according to Swiss-Prot/TrEMBL database.³²⁾ c) Results are referred to ref. 21. d) The change level in optical density of the protein spots in exposed group compared with control group.