Table 2.
Clinical biomarkers related to cytokine release syndrome, by grade (N = 51). Unless otherwise noted, the median (range) for the peak observed value over one month is displayed
| Biomarker | Total Cohort (N = 51) |
Total Cohort | Children | Adults | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade 0–3 (N = 37) |
Grade 4–5 (N = 14) |
Grade 0–3 (N = 28) |
Grade 4–5 (N = 11) |
Grade 1–3 (N = 9) |
Grade 4–5 (N = 3) |
||
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | 23,439 (280 – 411,936) | 8,290 (280 – 411,936)**§ | 130,000C (11,200 – 299,000)**§ | 4,455 (280 – 411,936) ** | 123,000 (11,200–299,000)** | 35,246 (2,191–220,657)§ | >100,000, 266,190, 234,811†§ |
| LDH ‡ (U/L) | 1,673 (158 – 23,778) | 852 (158 – 19,104) * | 5,594 (1,648 – 23,778) * | 881 (545 – 19,104) * | 5,898 (1,697–23,778)* | 679 (158 – 9,581) | 1,902 (1,648 – 7,386) |
| CRP ‡ (mg/dl) | 20.1C (0.7 – 56.5) | 16.2 (0.7 – 56.5)*§ | 22.9C (>16.0 – 37.1) *§ | 14.7 (0.7 – 56.5) * | 26.6 (20.2 – 37.1) * | 22.4 (12.2 – 32.0)§ | >16, 17.1, 22.9 §† |
| ALT (U/L) | 107 (26 – 1238) | 95 (26 – 748) | 198 (50 – 1,238) | 82 (29 – 748) | 190 (50 – 1,238) | 146 (26 – 396) | 284 (84 –504) |
| AST (U/L) | 149 (19 – 1,427) | 103 (19 – 1,424)** | 389 (98 – 1,427) ** | 98 (35 – 1,060) ** | 318 (119 – 1,427) ** | 103 (19 – 1,424) | 867 (98 – 938) |
| BUN (mg/dl) | 18 (9 – 202) | 17 (9 – 72) ** | 44 (12 – 202) ** | 17 (9 – 54) * | 42 (12 – 202) * | 17 (11 – 72) | 55 (31 – 61) |
| Cr (mg/dl) | 0.7 (0.2 – 5) | 0.7 (0.2 – 4) * | 1 (0.4 – 5) * | 0.5 (0.2 – 1.7) * | 0.9 (0.4 – 3.4) * | 0.9 (0.7 – 4) | 1.8 (1.04 – 4.95) |
| Fibrinogen min ‡ (mg/dl) <150 N (%) | 18/36 (50%) | 7/23 (30%) * | 11/13 (85%) * | 2/15 (13%) ** | 9/10 (90%) ** | 5/8 (63%) | 2/3 (67%) |
| Fibrinogen min ‡ (mg/dl) | 159 (23 – 624) | 241 (23 – 624) ** | 77 (23 – 221) ** | 288 (93 – 624) ** | 76 (23 – 221)** | 124 (23 – 278) | 128 (64 – 175) |
| PT (sec) | 17.1 (13.5 – 45.4) | 15.7 (13.5 – 27.5) ** | 23.1 (17.1 – 45.4) ** | 15.1 (13.5 – 20.6) ** | 24.4 (17.1 – 33.7) ** | 18.0 (14.5 – 27.5) | 19.3 (17.7 – 45.4) |
| PTT (sec) | 44.1 (25.7 – 92.0) | 39.8 (25.7 – 64.4) * | 54.2 (37.2 – 92.0) * | 34.4 (25.7 – 64.4) ** | 58.1 (40.6 – 92.0) ** | 44.1 (32.4 – 58.1) | 43.5 (37.2 – 52.2) |
ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; BUN = Blood urea nitrogen; Cr = Creatinine; CRP = C-Reactive Protein; LDH = Lactate dehydrogenase; PT = prothrombin time; PTT = partial thromboplastin time
p< 0.05 (bold);
*
p < 0.01,
**
p < 0.001. Peaks or min: exact Wilcoxon for continuous; Fisher exact for discrete
§
Wilcoxon test for right-censored data
‡
Total N = 50, 49, 36, 39 and 38 for LDH, CRP, Fibrinogen, PT and PTT respectively
†
Actual values
C
Estimated from Kaplan-Meier curve due to censored data at the upper limit of detection