TABLE 2.

LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE METABOLIC SYNDROME AND INCIDENT ASTHMA IN UNADJUSTED AND ADJUSTED MODELS OVER 25 YEARS

Statistical Models	All (n = 602)		Women (n = 417)*		Men (n = 185)		Sex Interaction (P Value)
	HR (95% CI)	P Value	HR (95% CI)	P Value	HR (95% CI)	P Value
Unadjusted model	1.24 (0.95–1.61)	0.11	1.50 (1.10–2.05)	0.01	0.98 (0.60–1.60)	0.93	0.10
Partially adjusted model including BMI (continuous)	0.95 (0.72–1.25)	0.72	1.05 (0.75–1.49)	0.76	0.92 (0.54–1.57)	0.75	0.18
Fully adjusted model including BMI (continuous) and other covariates†	1.11 (0.81–1.52)	0.53	1.16 (0.79–1.70)	0.44	0.98 (0.54–1.79)	0.96	0.28

Definition of abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio.

Adjustment in the statistical models for obesity as a categorical variable, as defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², instead of the continuous BMI variable resulted in similar results as shown above.

^*Menopause-specific interaction in women was not significant (P ≥ 0.28) for all analyses.

^†Covariates include age, race, smoking, and physical activity. Sex was also included in the analysis for all participants.