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. 2017 Apr 27;108(5):918–930. doi: 10.1111/cas.13205

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© 2017 The Authors. Cancer Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Effects of estradiol (E2) on the cell growth (a), the proportion of CD44^high/CD24^low cells (b) and the number of mammospheres (c) in four estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancer cell lines. All the cell lines were treated with the estrogen‐deprived medium plus minus 1 nM E2 for 3 days. (a) The cell numbers were measured using the Coulter counter. The values are expressed as the means ± SE of % control. (b) The proportion of CD44^high/CD24^low cells was measured as described in the Materials and Methods. The values are expressed as the means ± SE of the percentages of CD44^high/CD24^low cells. (c) The number of mammospheres/1000 cells seeded was measured as described in the Materials and Methods. The values are expressed as the means ± SE of the numbers of mammospheres/1000 cells. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 in comparison with the control.