Table 2. Results from longitudinal fixed-effects Poisson regression of mortality from ambulatory-care-sensitive conditions in black/pardo and white populations.
| Variable | Black/pardo group | White group | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR or N | 95% CI | RR or N | 95% CI | |
| ESF coverage | 0.846*** | 0.796, 0.899 | 0.932** | 0.892, 0.974 |
| Year | 0.966*** | 0.954, 0.979 | 0.971*** | 0.963, 0.979 |
| Bolsa Família coverage | 0.873* | 0.784, 0.973 | 0.895 | 0.799, 1.002 |
| Illiteracy rate | 0.940 | 0.757, 1.168 | 0.905 | 0.796, 1.029 |
| Poverty rate | 1.592* | 1.053, 2.407 | 1.149 | 0.849, 1.555 |
| Urbanisation rate | 1.135 | 0.697, 1.848 | 0.839 | 0.585, 1.204 |
| Public healthcare spending | 1.009 | 1.000, 1.019 | 1.002 | 0.991, 1.013 |
| Public hospital beds | 1.001 | 0.941, 1.065 | 1.013 | 0.960, 1.069 |
| Private hospital beds | 1.193 | 0.913, 1.561 | 1.088 | 0.922, 1.284 |
| Private healthcare insurance | 0.831** | 0.744, 0.928 | 0.900* | 0.827, 0.979 |
| GDP | 0.846** | 0.759, 0.944 | 0.853*** | 0.781, 0.932 |
| Private healthcare insurance × GDP | 0.953*** | 0.934, 0.972 | 0.974** | 0.959, 0.990 |
| N observations | 22,384 | 22,694 | ||
| N municipalities | 1,599 | 1,621 | ||
Exponentiated coefficients:
* p < 0.05,
** p < 0.01,
*** p < 0.001.
The study period was from 2000 to 2013. Robust standard errors were employed. ESF coverage is a 2-y average of within-year municipal ESF coverage and coverage in the year before. Year is a continuous variable and is interpreted as the underlying annual change in mortality rate during the study period. ESF coverage, Bolsa Família coverage, poverty rate, and urbanisation rate are all expressed as percentages and are scaled so a one-unit increase represents a 100% increase. Private healthcare insurance is also expressed as a percentage, but is log-transformed. Illiteracy rate is the illiteracy rate of those aged 25 y and over and is log-transformed. Public healthcare spending is expressed as hundreds of Brazilian reais per person, as is GDP, although GDP is log-transformed. Public and private hospital beds are expressed per 1,000 municipal inhabitants. Some municipalities and/or year observations are not included for a racial group due to there being no deaths from ambulatory-care-sensitive conditions for that racial group.
95% CI, 95% confidence interval; ESF, Estratégia de Saúde da Família; GDP, gross domestic product; RR, rate ratio.