Table 3. Postoperative complications, according to smoking status.
| Variable | Active smoker (N = 38) | Ex-smoker (N = 6) | Non-smoker (N = 113) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ex-smoker vs. Non-smoker | Active Smoker vs. Non-smoker | Ex-smoker vs. Active Smoker | ||||
| CCI | 20.92(0, 29.58) | 27.22(15.69, 34.72) | 20.92(0, 31.56) | 0.432 | 0.818 | 0.438 |
| In-hospital mortality n(%) | 2 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 4 (3.5) | >0.999 | >0.999 | >0.999 |
| Length of ICU stay (days) | 6 (5, 8) | 9 (6, 10) | 6 (5, 9) | 0.169 | 0.398 | 0.094 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 23 (16, 29) | 27 (20, 34) | 20 (15, 27) | 0.16 | 0.445 | 0.321 |
| Prolonged ICU stay n(%) | 11 (28.9) | 4 (66.7) | 40 (35.4) | 0.266 | 0.467 | 0.178 |
| Postoperative hospital stay (days) | 19 (14, 25) | 21 (14, 34) | 19 (14, 24) | 0.346 | 0.971 | 0.441 |
| Biliary complication n(%) | 5 (13.2) | 0 (0) | 14 (12.4) | 0.464 | >0.999 | 0.645 |
| Hepatic artery thrombosis n(%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (3.7) | >0.999 | 0.554 | / |
Abbreviations: CCI, comprehensive complication index; ICU, ICU, intensive care unit.
Prolonged ICU stay: postoperative stay in ICU for more than 7 days.
Normal distribution variables are reported as means ± standard deviations (SD) and compared by the student’s t-test. Abnormal distribution variables are reported as medians (interquartile range, IQR) and compared by the Mann-Whitney rank-sum test. Categorical variables are reported as numbers and percentages and compared by the Chi-squared analysis or Fisher’s exact test.