Table 4. Postoperative complications, according to pack-years exposure.
| Variable | Severe smoker (N = 15) | Light smoker (N = 29) | Non-smoker (N = 113) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe smoker vs. Non-smoker | Light smoker vs. Non-smoker | Severe smoker vs. Light smoker | ||||
| CCI | 20.92 (20.92, 29.58) | 20.92 (0, 33.54) | 20.92 (0, 31.56) | 0.532 | 0.864 | 0.769 |
| In-hospital mortality (no/yes) | 14/1 | 28/1 | 109/4 | 0.469 | >0.999 | >0.999 |
| Length of ICU stay (days) | 7 (5, 11) | 6 (4, 8) | 6 (5, 9) | 0.349 | 0.278 | 0.134 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 26 (15, 30) | 22 (16, 31) | 20 (15, 27) | 0.384 | 0.373 | 0.872 |
| Prolonged ICU stay (no/yes) | 8/7 | 21/8 | 73/40 | 0.395 | 0.428 | 0.206 |
| Postoperative hospital stay (days) | 23 (15, 26) | 19 (13, 24) | 19 (14, 24) | 0.476 | 0.891 | 0.457 |
| Biliary complication (no/yes) | 15/0 | 24/5 | 99/14 | 0.315 | 0.705 | 0.227 |
| Hepatic artery thrombosis (no/yes) | 15/0 | 29/0 | 109/4 | >0.999 | 0.582 | / |
Abbreviations: CCI, comprehensive complication index; ICU, intensive care unit.
Prolonged ICU stay: postoperative stay in ICU for more than 7 days.
Normal distribution variables are reported as means ± standard deviations (SD) and compared by the student’s t-test. Abnormal distribution variables are reported as medians (interquartile range, IQR) and compared by the Mann-Whitney rank-sum test. Categorical variables are reported as numbers and percentages and compared by the Chi-squared analysis or Fisher’s exact test.