Table 5. Characteristics of studies included in this meta-analysis.
| author | year | country | Study design | Sample size (smoker/non-smoker) | Mean age(year) | Gender(male %) | Follow up | Outcome | Quality score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fussner et al | 2015 | USA | Cohort | 455 (232/223) | 51.8 | 64 | NP | CVD | 7 |
| Herrero et al | 2005 | Spain | Case-control | 187 (60/127) | 55 | 73 | 5.4 years | Malignancy | 5 |
| Riyaz et al | 2013 | Pakistan | Cohort | 174 (80/94) | 52.2 | NP | NP | HAT; CVD | 6 |
| Perney et al | 2013 | France | Cohort | 105 (79/26) | 51.9 | 80 | NP | HAT; CVD; Biliary complication | 7 |
| Carenco et al | 2015 | France | Cohort | 465 (280/185) | 50.4 | 74.4 | 7.8 years | Malignancy | 6 |
| Watt et al | 2009 | USA | Cohort | 798 (NP) | 49.4 | 55.5 | 10 years | Malignancy | 7 |
| Coss et al | 2011 | USA | Cohort | 230 (136/94) | 50.7 | 50.7 | 8.2 years | CVD | 8 |
| Heide et al | 2009 | Netherlands | Cohort | 401 (59/236) | 46.5 | 49.1 | 8.6 years | HAT; CVD; Malignancy | 7 |
| Mathur et al | 2010 | USA | Cohort | 409 (249/160) | 50.9 | 63.8 | NP | Biliary complications | 7 |
| Mangus et al | 2015 | USA | Cohort | 1275 (602/673) | 54 | 74.5 | 4.7 years | CVD; Biliary complications | 6 |
| Leithead et al | 2008 | UK | Case-control | 132 (55/77) | 51.4 | 48.4 | 8.8 years | HAT; Malignancy | 8 |
Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; HAT, hepatic artery thrombosis; NP, not reported.