Table 1.
Risk factors contributing to sleep deprivation and disruption
| Category | Risk factors |
|---|---|
| Lifestyle | • Consuming excessive amounts of caffeine |
| • Drinking alcohol | |
| • Drug abuse | |
| • Shift work | |
| • Attending university | |
| • Jet lag | |
| Environmental | • Excessive noise, such as industrial wind turbines |
| • Excessive light | |
| Psychosocial | • Anxiety, worry, and rumination |
| • Parents of young children | |
| • Caregivers to a family member with a chronic, life-threatening, or terminal illness | |
| Sleep disorder | • Insomnia |
| • Obstructive sleep apnea | |
| • Restless leg syndrome | |
| • Narcolepsy | |
| • Circadian rhythm disorders | |
| Medical conditions | • Pain |
| • Restrictive lung disease | |
| • Chronic kidney disease | |
| • Diabetes | |
| • Neurodegenerative diseases | |
| • Psychiatric disorders | |
| • Use of certain medications |