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. 2017 May 30;7:2527. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02556-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Reduction of disease symptoms after infection with B. cinerea in A.thaliana exposed to 1000 Hz sound vibration. (a) Percentage of disease level in whole plant assay. Percentage of disease level was calculated by counting fully senescent leaves at 72 h post inoculation (hpi). Bars represent mean and standard error of four biological replications. (b) The disease phenotype of whole plants at 72 hpi. Plants exposed to sound vibration (daily 3 h for 10 days, treatment) and control were inoculated with fungal spores and kept under growth room condition with high humidity. (c) Lesion diameter in detached leaf assay. Lesion diameter was measured at 72 hpi. Bars indicate the means of the lesion diameter with standard errors in 40 detached leaves. (d) The lesion phenotype of detached leaves. Detached leaves exposed to a 1000 Hz sound vibration (upper) and control (lower) at 72 hpi of B. cinerea spores. bar = 1 cm. P-value ranges are marked by asterisks: ^*** P < 0.01, ^** 0.01 < P < 0.05, ^* P < 0.1.