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. 2017 May 30;7:2527. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02556-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression patterns of fungal virulence genes after infection with B. cinerea in A. thaliana exposed to 1000 Hz sound vibration. Five representative genes for fungal growth and virulence were tested at four time points (12, 24, 48, 72 h post inoculation). Expression of each fungal gene in the Arabidopsis exposed to a 1000 Hz sound vibration (gray) was compared with control (black) after normalization with B. cinerea ACTIN (BcACT). Accumulation of BcACT transcript in the inoculated leaves was calculated relative to A. thaliana ACTIN (AtACT) transcript. Bars represent mean and standard error of three biological replications. BcPME1, encoding pectin methyltransferase; BcBOT1, encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenase; BcCHSI, BcCHSIIIa and BcCHSIV, encoding chitin synthases. P-value ranges are marked by asterisks: ^*** P < 0.01, ^** 0.01 < P < 0.05, ^* P < 0.1.