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. 2017 May 30;7:2474. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02643-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic overview of the changes in the primary metabolic biosynthesis pathways compared between dsOW62/76 and ZH17 plants. The compound in red, blue, and green indicated that its accumulation was increased, decreased, and not changed significantly in dsOW62/76 in related to ZH17 plants. The compound undetectable was in gray. Genes or enzymes were shown as underlined. The genes analyzed by qPCR were in red or blue, representing increase or decrease their transcription levels in dsOW62/76. Some of the genes upregulated in the transcriptome analysis were shown in bold. The compounds boxed are precursors may be mentioned in the later studies. Abbreviations: 4ABA, 4-aminobenzoic acid; E4P, erythrose 4-phosphate; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; GSH, glutathione; GSSG, glutathione oxidized; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; 3PGA, 3-phosphoglycerate; ALD1, aminotransferase 1; DQD-SDH, 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase-shikimate dehydrogenase; GABAT, 4-aminobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase; GAD, Glu decarboxylase; GAH, Glu dehydrogenase; ICS, isochorismate synthase.