Figure 1.

Overview of reported effects of sleep/wake disturbances on neural cells. Chronic sleep disruption which includes chronic total and partial sleep deprivation, as well as sleep fragmentation, can influence diverse brain cell types. Established molecular and morphologic responses within specific cell types are highlighted in blue boxes below the various cell types. Microglia share a pro-inflammatory response, also observed in neurons in resonse to sleep loss. The effects of sleep disruption on astrocytes on synaptic clefts may influence neuronal synapse function.