Table 1. Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics.
| Variables | Total cohort (n=60) | CLPD group (n=20) | CILO group (n=20) | PUFA group (n=20) | p* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63.5±9.0 | 65.5±8.7 | 63.3±9.1 | 61.7±9.6 | 0.420 |
| 65-74 years | 15 (25.0) | 4 (20.0) | 7 (35.0) | 4 (20.0) | 0.449 |
| ≥75 years | 9 (15.0) | 5 (25.0) | 2 (10.0) | 2 (10.0) | 0.308 |
| Female | 21 (35.0) | 9 (45.0) | 7 (35.0) | 5 (25.0) | 0.415 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.2±2.9 | 22.2±2.8 | 21.8±3.2 | 22.6±2.8 | 0.699 |
| Heart rate (beat/minute) | 82.4±19.3 | 87±14 | 76±18 | 85±23 | 0.129 |
| Risk factors | |||||
| Previous vascular disease | 7 (11.7) | 2 (10.0) | 4 (20.0) | 1 (5.0) | 0.322 |
| Previous CVA | 1 (1.7) | 0 | 0 | 1 (5.0) | 0.362 |
| Hypertension | 17 (28.3) | 7 (35.0) | 5 (25.0) | 5 (25.0) | 0.720 |
| Diabetes | 5 (8.3) | 4 (20.0) | 0 | 1 (5.0) | 0.059 |
| Heart failure (LVEF <40%) | 6 (10.0) | 3 (15.0) | 1 (5.0) | 2 (10.0) | 0.574 |
| Current smoking | 13 (21.7) | 4 (20.0) | 3 (15.0) | 6 (30.0) | 0.503 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 0.743 | ||||
| 0 | 12 (20.0) | 2 (10.0) | 5 (25.0) | 5 (25.0) | |
| 1 | 22 (36.7) | 6 (30.0) | 7 (35.0) | 9 (45.0) | |
| 2 | 15 (25.0) | 6 (30.0) | 5 (25.0) | 4 (20.0) | |
| 3 | 5 (8.3) | 3 (15.0) | 1 (5.0) | 1 (5.0) | |
| 4 | 6 (10.0) | 3 (15.0) | 2 (10.0) | 1 (5.0) | |
| Medications | |||||
| Beta-blocker | 33 (55.0) | 9 (45.0) | 12 (60.0) | 12 (60.0) | 0.545 |
| Angiotensin antagonist | 53 (88.3) | 17 (85.0) | 18 (90.0) | 18 (90.0) | 0.851 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 4 (6.7) | 1 (5.0) | 1 (5.0) | 2 (10.0) | 0.765 |
| Digoxin | 18 (30.0) | 8 (40.0) | 6 (30.0) | 4 (20.0) | 0.386 |
| Statin | 14 (23.3) | 5 (25.0) | 4 (20.0) | 5 (25.0) | 0.911 |
| Laboratory findings | |||||
| LVEF (%) | 55.6±7.2 | 55.2±8.1 | 56.4±4.8 | 55.1±8.5 | 0.820 |
| LAVI (mL/m2) | 56.9±22.4 | 56.5±14.8 | 54.1±26.9 | 60.2±24.2 | 0.699 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 43.5±3.9 | 43.2±4.0 | 44.3±3.7 | 43.2±4.2 | 0.621 |
| Platelet count (×103/μL) | 208.1±53.1 | 204.7±50.8 | 215.3±52.4 | 204.5±57.8 | 0.767 |
| HbA1C (%) | 5.7±0.9 | 5.8±1.0 | 5.6±0.6 | 5.2±0.2 | 0.408 |
| GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 84.4±17.4 | 79.1±15.1 | 88.5±16.4 | 85.6±19.8 | 0.225 |
| LDL-c (mg/dL) | 102.4±26.4 | 108.2±21.4 | 101.4±26.4 | 97.6±25.4 | 0.491 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). *A p values are comparison between 3 test groups. CLPD: clopidogrel, CILO: cilostazol, PUFA: omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, BMI: body mass index, LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction, LAVI: left atrial volume index, GFR: glomerular filtration rate by modification of diet in renal disease equation, CVA: cerebrovascular accident, LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol