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. 2017 May 31;8:647. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00647

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Copyright © 2017 Lavocat, Ndongo-Thiam and Miossec.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Kinetics of cytokine expression and production and effect of an interleukin (IL)-25 pretreatment in synoviocyte-peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cocultures. (A) Synoviocytes were cocultured with PBMCs (1:5 ratio) activated or not. Coculture supernatants and RNA were collected at 6, 12, and 24 h and 5 and 7 days. IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-25 expression and production were quantified by qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. (B) Synoviocytes were cocultured with activated PBMCs (1:5 ratio). Either synoviocytes (light gray) or activated PBMCs (dark gray) were pretreated for 4 h with 50 ng/mL IL-25. After 24 h of coculture, supernatants were collected and the production of IL-17A, IL-6, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 was analyzed by ELISA. Results are expressed as a fold change of cocultured cells without pretreatment. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 (Mann–Whitney non-parametric test).