Table 2.
Results from analysis comparing gestational users of antidepressants with non-gestational users
| Exposures | Crude estimate | Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 3‡ | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | ||||
| Antidepressants§: | |||||||||||
| During pregnancy | 2.26 (1.80 to 2.84) | <0.01 | 2.39 (1.90 to 3.02) | <0.01 | 1.41 (1.08 to 1.83) | 0.01 | 1.39 (1.07 to 1.82) | 0.01 | |||
| 1st trimester | 2.29 (1.74 to 3.03) | <0.01 | 2.45 (1.85 to 3.25) | <0.01 | 1.48 (1.09 to 2.00) | 0.01 | 1.43 (1.05 to 1.95) | 0.02 | |||
| 2nd trimester | 2.41 (1.78 to 3.26) | <0.01 | 2.65 (1.96 to 3.59) | <0.01 | 1.51 (1.09 to 2.10) | 0.01 | 1.50 (1.08 to 2.09) | 0.02 | |||
| 3rd trimester | 2.37 (1.76 to 3.17) | <0.01 | 2.55 (1.90 to 3.42) | <0.01 | 1.40 (1.01 to 1.93) | 0.04 | 1.43 (1.03 to 1.98) | 0.03 | |||
| SSRIs¶: | |||||||||||
| During pregnancy | 2.17 (1.56 to 3.03) | <0.01 | 2.23 (1.60 to 3.12) | <0.01 | 1.23 (0.86 to 1.77) | 0.26 | 1.11 (0.77 to 1.60) | 0.57 | |||
| 1st trimester | 2.21 (1.49 to 3.27) | <0.01 | 2.32 (1.57 to 3.45) | <0.01 | 1.31 (0.86 to 1.98) | 0.21 | 1.18 (0.78 to 1.80) | 0.43 | |||
| 2nd trimester | 2.11 (1.31 to 3.41) | <0.01 | 2.22 (1.37 to 3.60) | <0.01 | 1.20 (0.72 to 1.98) | 0.48 | 1.10 (0.66 to 1.83) | 0.71 | |||
| 3rd trimester | 2.21 (1.38 to 3.50) | <0.01 | 2.26 (1.41 to 3.63) | <0.01 | 1.19 (0.73 to 1.93) | 0.48 | 1.16 (0.71 to 1.88) | 0.56 | |||
| Non-SSRIs**: | |||||||||||
| During pregnancy | 2.56 (1.95 to 3.35) | <0.01 | 2.76 (2.10 to 3.62) | <0.01 | 1.63 (1.22 to 2.19) | <0.01 | 1.59 (1.19 to 2.14) | <0.01 | |||
| 1st trimester | 2.57 (1.82 to 3.64) | <0.01 | 2.80 (1.96 to 3.99) | <0.01 | 1.73 (1.20 to 2.49) | <0.01 | 1.64 (1.13 to 2.38) | <0.01 | |||
| 2nd trimester | 2.70 (1.88 to 3.86) | <0.01 | 3.04 (2.12 to 4.38) | <0.01 | 1.75 (1.19 to 2.55) | <0.01 | 1.72 (1.16 to 2.53) | <0.01 | |||
| 3rd trimester | 2.70 (1.91 to 3.83) | <0.01 | 2.96 (2.08 to 4.20) | <0.01 | 1.62 (1.12 to 2.35) | 0.01 | 1.65 (1.13 to 2.40) | <0.01 | |||
SSRI=selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
*Adjusted for maternal age at delivery, infant’s sex, birth year, birth hospital, parity, maternal underlying illness before delivery (pre-existing diabetes, epilepsy, gestational diabetes, hypertension), and socioeconomic status.
†Adjusted for all factors in model 1 and maternal psychiatric conditions.
‡Adjusted for all factors in model 2 and other psychiatric drug use.
§ADHD cases: 74 in antidepressant users, 5564 in non-users.
¶ADHD cases: 18 in SSRI users, 5564 in non-users.
**ADHD cases: 31 in non-SSRI users, 5564 in non-users.