Table 3.
Results from analyses of different comparisons
| Exposures | Crude estimate | Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 3‡ | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | ||||
| Antidepressants (preconception user v never user)§: | |||||||||||
| Before pregnancy | 2.91 (2.35 to 3.61) | <0.01 | 2.74 (2.24 to 3.40) | <0.01 | 1.77 (1.37 to 2.29) | <0.01 | 1.76 (1.36 to 2.30) | <0.01 | |||
| SSRIs (preconception user v never user)¶: | |||||||||||
| Before pregnancy | 2.91 (2.12 to 3.98) | <0.01 | 2.65 (1.93 to 3.62) | <0.01 | 1.43 (1.02 to 2.01) | 0.04 | 1.20 (0.83 to 1.72) | 0.33 | |||
| Non-SSRIs (preconception user v never user)**: | |||||||||||
| Before pregnancy | 3.12 (2.43 to 3.99) | <0.01 | 2.94 (2.29 to 3.77) | <0.01 | 1.91 (1.44 to 2.53) | <0.01 | 1.84 (1.36 to 2.47) | <0.01 | |||
| Mother psychiatric disorder in never users††: | |||||||||||
| Before pregnancy | 2.02 (1.68 to 2.44) | <0.01 | 1.94 (1.61 to 2.35) | <0.01 | -- | -- | -- | -- | |||
| During pregnancy | 1.96 (1.65 to 2.32) | <0.01 | 1.84 (1.54 to 2.18) | <0.01 | -- | -- | -- | -- | |||
| Gestational SSRI user v gestational non-SSRI antidepressant user ‡‡: | |||||||||||
| Before pregnancy | 0.83 (0.50 to 1.37) | 0.46 | 0.83 (0.47 to 1.48) | 0.53 | 0.82 (0.46 to 1.46) | 0.50 | 0.82 (0.46 to 1.46) | 0.50 | |||
| During pregnancy | 0.75 (0.44 to 1.28) | 0.30 | 0.73 (0.40 to 1.34) | 0.31 | 0.70 (0.38 to 1.29) | 0.25 | 0.70 (0.38 to 1.29) | 0.25 | |||
| Gestational antidepressants user v gestational antipsychotics user§§: | |||||||||||
| Before pregnancy | 1.24 (0.71 to 2.19) | 0.45 | 1.45 (0.80 to 2.61) | 0.22 | 1.47 (0.82 to 2.66) | 0.20 | -- | -- | |||
| During pregnancy | 1.15 (0.69 to 1.92) | 0.59 | 1.19 (0.69 to 2.04) | 0.53 | 1.27 (0.73 to 2.18) | 0.40 | -- | -- | |||
| Gestational antidepressants user v preconception user¶¶ : | |||||||||||
| During pregnancy | 0.81 (0.57 to 1.15) | 0.24 | 0.82 (0.57 to 1.19) | 0.30 | 0.76 (0.52 to 1.11) | 0.15 | 0.75 (0.51 to 1.10) | 0.14 | |||
*Adjusted for maternal age at delivery, infant’s sex, birth year, birth hospital, parity, maternal underlying illness before delivery (pre-existing diabetes, epilepsy, gestational diabetes, hypertension), and socioeconomic status.
†Adjusted for all factors in model 1 and maternal psychiatric conditions.
‡Adjusted for all factors in model 2 and other psychiatric drug use.
§ADHD cases: 88 in preconception users, 5476 in never users.
¶ADHD cases: 39 in preconception users, 5476 in never users.
**ADHD cases: 66 in non-SSRI users, 5476 in never users.
††Identified by ICD-9-CM (international classification to disease, ninth revision, clinical modification) diagnosis code 290-319, defined as yes or no. ADHD cases: 136 in mother with psychiatric disorder, 5326 in never users.
‡‡ADHD cases: 18 in SSRI uers, 31 in non-SSRI users.
§§ADHD cases: 74 in antidepressant users, 21 in antipsychotic users.
¶¶ADHD cases: 74 in gestation users, 88 in preconception users.