Figure 1.

IL-12 counteracts vitamin D-mediated inhibition of IFNγ production in CD4⁺ T cells. (A) IFNγ concentration in the supernatants of T cells activated for 72 h in the presence of the indicated concentrations of 25(OH)D₃ or 1,25(OH)₂D₃. Representative graphs from two independent experiments with three donors are shown. (B) Number of CD4⁺ T cells in the cell cultures after activation for 72 h in the presence or absence of 100 nM 25(OH)D₃ relative to initial cell number (mean + SEM, n = 12). (C) IL-13 concentration in the supernatant of T cells activated for 72 h in the presence of the indicated concentrations of 25(OH)D₃ (mean ± SEM, n = 6). (D) IFNγ concentration in the supernatants of T cells activated for 72 h in the presence of the indicated concentrations of 25(OH)D₃ and IL-12 (mean + SEM, n ≥ 4).