Table 1.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with KS-IRIS- and non-KS-IRIS
| Patient characteristics | IRIS-KS N = 35 (39%) (CI95% 29–50) | Non-IRIS-KS (N = 54) (60.6%) CI 95% 50–71) | All patients (N = 89) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age ± 2 SD (years) | 32 ± 7 | 36 ± 8 | 35 ± 8 | 0.01 |
| Weeks from HIV diagnosis to cART (median, IQR) | 10 (5‒33) | 10 (6‒30) | 10 (6‒30) | 0.24 |
| Median baseline CD4+ cells/mm3 (IQR) | 82 (30–140) | 110 (36‒230) | 91 (34–204) | 0.43 |
| Median CD4+ cells/mm3 12 weeks after cART initiation (IQR) | 212 (89–357) | 308 (159–391) | 249 (144–387) | 0.28 |
| ACTG staging | ||||
| S0T0 | 0 | 7 (13%) | 7 (7.8%) | 0.18 |
| S1T0 | 1 (4.4%) | 11 (20%) | 12 (13.5%) | |
| S0T1 | 19 (54%) | 18 (33%) | 37 (41.5%) | |
| S1T1 | 15 (42.8%) | 18 (33%) | 33 (37%) | |
| Deaths ACTG staging | ||||
| S0T0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| S1T0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| S0T1 | 5 (12.8%) | 1 (1.1%) | 6 (0%) | |
| S1T1 | 4 (10.2%) | 4 (7.4%) | 8 (9%) | |
| Median HIV-RNA copies/mm3 at baseline. (IQR) | 240,000 (106,000–612,000) | 84,731 (31,300–250,000) | 131,818 (57,200–361,124) | 0.02 |
| HIV-RNA at follow-upa: copies/mm3 | ||||
| Number of patients | 31 | 50 | 81 | 0.02 |
| <100 | 25 (80.6) | 48 (96) | 73 (90.1) | |
| 101‒1000 | 4 (12.91) | 1 (2) | 5 (6.2) | |
| 1001‒50,000 | 1 (3.2) | 1 (2) | 2 (2.5) | |
| >50,000 | 1 (3.2) | 0 | 1 (1.2) | |
| Antiretroviral therapy—No (%) | ||||
| NNRTI | 20 (57) | 25 (46) | 45 (50.6) | 0.36 |
| PI | 15 (42) | 28 (51.8) | 43 (48.3) | |
| 3 NRTI | 0 | 1 (1.85) | 1 (1) | |
| Mucosal involvement—No (%) | 27 (77) | 35 (65) | 62 (70) | 0.25 |
| Confluent/disseminated skin lesions—No (%) | 25 (71) | 25 (46) | 50 (56) | 0.01 |
| Lymphedema—No (%) | 15 (43) | 14 (26) | 29 (32) | 0.09 |
| Deaths—No (%) | 5 (33%) | 2 (14) | 7 (24) | 0.39 |
| Gastrointestinal involvement—No (%)b | 14 (61) | 10 (37) | 24 (48) | 0.16 |
| Deaths % | 6 (43%) | 4 (40%) | 10 (42%) | 0.41 |
| Pulmonary involvement—No (%) | 22 (63) | 9 (17) | 31 (35) | <0.001 |
| Deathsc | 8 (38%) | 2 (22%) | 10 (30%) | 0.45 |
| Platelets at first visitd | ||||
| >100,000/mm3 | 29 (85%) | 46 (85) | 75 (85%) | 0.62 |
| 50‒100,000 | 2 (6%) | 4 (7%) | 6 (7%) | |
| <50,000 | 3 (8.9%) | 4 (7%) | 7 ((8%) | |
| Platelets at follow-upe | ||||
| >100,000/mm3 | 20 (64%) | 48 (96%) | 68 (84) | 0.0003 |
| 50‒100,000 | 4 (13%) | 2 (4) | 6 (7) | |
| <50,000 | 7 (23%) | 0 | 7 (8.6) | |
| Deaths first year | 9 (26%) | 5 (9.3%) | 14 (15.7) | 0.07 |
| KS attributable deaths | 8 (89%) | 0 | 8 (57%) | |
IQR interquartile range, cARTc combined antiretroviral therapy, HIV Human immunodeficiency syndrome, NS not significant, SD standard deviation, NNRTI Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, PI protease inhibitor, NRTI nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
aViral load at follow-up was measured between weeks 12 and 16 after initiation of cART; four patients died before follow-up of viral load determination
bEndoscopy was performed in 50 patients (21 Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome-Kaposi’s sarcoma [IRIS-KS] and in 29 with non-IRIS)
cMortality for pulmonary involvement was evaluated in the first 48 weeks after cART initiation
dComplete blood counts (CBC) were not performed at the first visit in 2 patients
eIn five patients, CBC was not performed at follow-up