Table 2.

Multinomial Logistic Regression Models of Discharge Dispositions for ED Visits Involving Drug Misuse and Abuse, DAWN 2004–2011 (N = 14,245,776)

	Released to Police/Jaila			Referral to Outpatient Detox/Drug Treatmenta			Inpatient Detox or Psychiatric Admissiona			General Hospital Admissiona			Transferred to Another Facilitya			Left Against Medical Advicea
	RRR	95% CI	p	RRR	95% CI	p	RRR	95% CI	p	RRR	95% CI	p	RRR	95% CI	p	RRR	95% CI	p
Year	0.95	0.89–1.01	0.076	0.96	0.88–1.04	0.287	0.86	0.78–0.95	0.002	0.98	0.93–1.02	0.304	1.04	0.97–1.11	0.328	0.96	0.93–.99	0.034
Male Gender	1.96	1.75–2.19	<.001	1.08	0.99–1.18	0.083	1.02	0.92–1.13	0.661	1.00	0.94–1.06	0.913	1.04	0.95–1.14	0.420	1.30	1.17–1.45	<.001
Age (years)
18–20 (reference)	1.00			1.00			1.00			1.00			1.00			1.00
21–34	1.18	1.02–1.37	0.024	1.46	1.27–1.68	<.001	1.91	1.66–2.19	<.001	1.86	1.61–2.15	<.001	1.60	1.42–1.80	<.001	1.60	1.35–1.89	<.001
35–54	1.21	0.96–1.51	0.100	1.36	1.17–1.59	<.001	2.26	1.97–2.60	<.001	3.13	2.60–3.76	<.001	1.82	1.62–2.05	<.001	1.81	1.50–2.18	<.001
55+	0.81	0.56–1.17	0.259	0.65	0.54–0.78	<.001	1.32	1.10–1.58	0.003	4.38	3.60–5.32	<.001	1.09	0.95–1.24	0.231	1.37	1.06–1.77	0.015
Race/Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White (reference)	1.00			1.00			1.00			1.00			1.00			1.00
Non-Hispanic Black	1.18	1.02–1.37	0.024	0.72	0.54–0.97	0.030	1.10	0.89–1.37	0.386	1.12	0.94–1.34	0.197	0.82	0.61–1.11	0.200	0.79	0.69–0.91	0.001
Hispanic	1.69	1.39–2.06	<.001	0.71	0.56–0.90	0.005	1.11	0.87–1.42	0.406	0.71	0.56–0.90	0.005	0.83	0.58–1.19	0.303	0.68	0.58–0.81	<.001
Other	1.50	0.97–2.30	0.067	0.97	0.64–1.46	0.879	1.87	1.24–2.81	0.003	1.04	0.85–1.28	0.712	1.51	1.04–2.19	0.031	0.77	0.50–1.17	0.223
Misuse or Abuse Drug Categoryb
Alcohol only (reference)	1.00			1.00			1.00			1.00			1.00			1.00
Prescription Drugs only	0.70	0.56–0.88	0.002	0.48	0.40–0.59	<.001	0.63	0.48–0.83	0.001	0.76	0.67–0.87	<.001	0.73	0.55–0.95	0.020	1.34	1.02–1.77	0.038
Illicit Drugs only	1.87	1.42–2.48	<.001	1.81	1.44–2.27	<.001	1.60	1.19–2.15	0.002	0.75	0.63–0.88	0.001	0.94	0.81–1.09	0.391	2.05	1.57–2.68	<.001
Illicit Drugs w/ Alcohol	1.34	1.09–1.64	0.005	2.35	1.87–2.96	<.001	2.40	1.96–2.94	<.001	0.64	0.55–0.74	<.001	1.15	0.95–1.38	0.146	1.45	1.09–1.95	0.012
Prescription Drugs w/ Alcohol	1.09	0.80–1.48	0.597	0.95	0.74–1.22	0.677	1.10	0.85–1.42	0.479	1.02	0.88–1.17	0.832	1.13	0.94–1.35	0.188	1.42	1.01–1.99	0.041
Illicit w/ Prescription Drugs	1.7	1.33–2.17	<.001	1.29	1.05–1.59	0.018	0.87	0.67–1.13	0.301	0.99	0.84–1.17	0.938	0.98	0.82–1.18	0.855	1.76	1.29–2.39	<.001
Illicit w/ Prescription Drugs & Alcohol	2.05	1.46–2.87	<.001	1.57	1.21–2.05	0.001	1.26	0.92–1.71	0.149	0.89	0.73–1.08	0.230	1.34	1.10–1.63	0.004	1.79	1.19–2.68	0.005

^aCompared to the probability of being discharged home (base outcome)

^bPrescription drug use refers to nomedical use of pharmaceuticals

Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) estimates were tested using t statistics with 1331 degrees of freedom

Design-based F-statistics: F(84, 1331) = 94.89 (p < 0.001)