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. 2017 May 31;7:227. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00227

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Copyright © 2017 Pham, Nosala, Scott, Nguyen, Hagen, Starcevich and Dawson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Key enzymes in the glycolytic, pentose phosphate, pyruvate, and UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine pathways are upregulated in the in vivo Giardia foci. Diagrammatic representation of differentially expressed enzymes associated with in vivo Giardia energy and biosynthetic pathways. Red shading denotes increased expression of in vivo relative to in vitro transcripts, and blue shading denotes decreased expression. White shading indicates no significant differential expression between in vivo foci and in vitro (TYDK) transcriptomes. Oxygen concentrations associated with different branches of the pyruvate metabolic pathway are noted (Lindmark, 1980). The enzyme abbreviations, names, GiardiaDB (GL50803) ORFIDs, and Enzyme Commission numbers are: Glycolysis: ACYP, acylphosphatase (7871), EC 3.6.1.7; ENO, enolase (11118), EC 4.2.1.11; FBA, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (11043), EC 4.1.2.13; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (17043), EC 1.2.1.12; GPI, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (9115), EC 5.3.1.9; GCK, glucokinase (8826), EC 2.7.1.2; PFK, phosphofructokinase (14993), EC 2.7.1.90; PGAM, phosphoglycerate mutase (8822), EC 5.4.2.1; PGK, phosphoglycerate kinase (90872), EC 2.7.2.3; PGM, phosphoglucomutase (17254), EC 5.4.2.2; PK, pyruvate kinase (17143,3206),EC 2.7.1.40; POD, pyruvate:orthophosphate dikinase (9909), EC 2.7.9.1; TPI, triose phosphate isomerase (93938), EC 5.3.1.1. Pyruvate metabolism: ATA, aspartate transaminase (91056), EC 2.6.1.1; FeADH, Fe-alcohol dehydrogenase (3861, 3593) EC 1.1.1.1; ACoAS, acetyl-CoA synthetase (13608); AAT, alanine aminotransferase (12150, 16353), EC 2.6.1.2; biADH (bifunctional alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase E (93358), EC 1.1.1.1; GDH, NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (21942) EC 1.4.1.3, 1.4.1.4; Fd, ferredoxin (9662, 27266,10329); HYD, hydrogenase (6304), EC 1.12.7.2; MAL, malic enzyme (14285), EC 1.1.1.38; MDH, malate dehydrogenase (3331), EC 1.1.1.37; PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (10623), EC 4.1.1.32; PFOR, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (17063, 114609); Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP): G6PD-6PGL, glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase (8682), EC 1.1.1.49; PGD, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (14759), EC 1.1.1.44; UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNac) biosynthetic pathway: GNPDA, glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase (8245), EC 3.5.99.6; GNPNAT, glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase (14651), EC 2.3.1.4; PGM3, phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase (16069), EC 5.4.2.10; UAE, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase (7982), EC 5.1.3.2; UAP, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase (16217), EC 2.7.7.23. Arginine Dihydrolase Pathway: ADI, arginine deiminase (112103), EC 3.5.3.6; ARG-S, arginyl-tRNA synthetase (10521), EC 6.1.1.19; CK, carbamate kinase (16453), EC 2.7.2.2; NOS, nitric oxide synthase (91252), EC 1.14.13.39; OCD, ornithine cyclodeaminase (2452), EC 4.3.1.12; OCT, ornithine carbamoyltransferase (10311), EC 2.1.3.3; ODC, ornithine decarboxylase (94582), EC4.1.1.17; PRO-S, prolyl-tRNAsynthetase (15983), EC 6.1.1.15.