Table 4.
Postoperative Adverse Events According to Type of Anesthesia
| Variable | General anesthesia (n=490) | Spinal anesthesia (n=746) | Bivariate linear regression | Multivariate linear regressiona) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| ORb) (95% CI) | p-value | ORb) (95% CI) | p-value | |||
| Any adverse event | 221 (45.1) | 280 (37.5) | 1.367 (1.085 to 1.724) | 0.008 | 1.092 (1.032 to 1.155) | 0.002 |
| Any severe adverse event | 14 (2.9) | 14 (1.9) | 1.538 (0.721 to 3.282) | 0.261 | 1.015 (0.998 to 1.032) | 0.089 |
| Death | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 1.524 (0.060 to 38.587) | 0.766 | 1.001 (0.997 to 1.006) | 0.605 |
| Ventilator use for more than 48 hours | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) | 3.053 (0.292 to 65.807) | 0.363 | 1.004 (0.998 to 1.009) | 0.211 |
| Unplanned intubation | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) | 3.053 (0.292 to 65.807) | 0.363 | 1.004 (0.998 to 1.009) | 0.211 |
| Stroke or cerebrovascular accident | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | N/A | 0.999 (0.996 to 1.002) | 0.515 | |
| Thromboembolic event | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.5) | 0.379 (0.019 to 2.574) | 0.387 | 0.998 (0.991 to 1.005) | 0.589 |
| Surgical site infection | 5 (1) | 0 (0) | N/A | 1.010 (1.003 to 1.018) | 0.005 | |
| Sepsis or septic shock | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/A | |||
| Cardiac arrest | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 1.524 (0.060 to 38.587) | 0.766 | 1.001 (0.997 to 1.006) | 0.605 |
| Myocardial infarction | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 1.524 (0.060 to 38.587) | 0.766 | 1.001 (0.996 to 1.006) | 0.696 |
| Acute renal failure | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.5) | 0.379 (0.019 to 2.574) | 0.387 | 0.998 (0.991 to 1.005) | 0.564 |
| Return to the operating room | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | N/A | 1.002 (0.999 to 1.006) | 0.177 | |
| Wound dehiscence | 5 (1) | 3 (0.4) | 2.553 (0.624 to 12.494) | 0.201 | 1.007 (0.997 to 1.016) | 0.157 |
| Prosthesis failure | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 1.524 (0.060 to 38.587) | 0.766 | 1.001 (0.997 to 1.006) | 0.605 |
| Peripheral nerve injury | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 1.524 (0.060 to 38.587) | 0.766 | 1.001 (0.996 to 1.006) | 0.655 |
| Any minor adverse event | 218 (44.5) | 280 (37.5) | 1.334 (1.058 to 1.682) | 0.015 | 1.085 (1.025 to 1.148) | 0.005 |
| Blood transfusion | 205 (41.8) | 262 (35.1) | 1.329 (1.051 to 1.679) | 0.017 | 1.077 (1.018 to 1.138) | 0.01 |
| Urinary tract infection | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.4) | 0.506 (0.025 to 3.969) | 0.556 | 0.998 (0.992 to 1.005) | 0.58 |
| Pneumonia | 3 (0.6) | 4 (0.5) | 1.143 (0.224 to 5.205) | 0.862 | 1.003 (0.994 to 1.011) | 0.56 |
| Progressive renal insufficiency | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 1.524 (0.06 to 38.587) | 0.766 | 1.000 (0.996 to 1.005) | 0.875 |
| Readmission | 4 (0.8) | 4 (0.5) | 1.527 (0.359 to 6.484) | 0.551 | 1.003 (0.994 to 1.013) | 0.475 |
| Transfer to intensive care unit | 6 (1.2) | 6 (0.8) | 1.529 (0.476 to 4.914) | 0.464 | 1.007 (0.996 to 1.018) | 0.232 |
| Etc. (dysuria, acute gastroenteritis, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and pulmonary congestion) | 14 (2.9) | 15 (2) | 1.433 (0.678 to 3.011) | 0.339 | 1.015 (0.997 to 1.032) | 0.098 |
Values are presented as frequency (%).
OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, N/A: not available.
a)
Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for each adverse event adjusted for age and modified Charlson Comorbidity Index.
b)
Odds ratio represents the odds that each adverse event will occur in the general anesthesia group compared to that in the spinal anesthesia group.