Figure 3.

Treatment with high glucose and palmitoleate increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in INS-1 cells. INS-1 cells maintained in indicated glucose concentrations were treated with 0.2 mM palmitoleate for 24 h, or U0216 (final concentration 10 µM) for 30 min, followed by palmitoleate for 24 h. (A) Cells were then harvested, lysed and 50 µg extracted crude proteins were subjected to 10% SDS-PAGE followed by western blot analysis to examine pERK1/2, ERK1/2 and β-actin. (B) Relative signal intensity was normalized to β-actin. Results were expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean of three experiments and a two-way analysis of variance was carried out. *P<0.05, **P<0.01. ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; p, phosphorylated; glu, glucose; PAO, palmitoleate.