Figure 3.

Direct adipogenic reprogramming. (A) Morphology and Oil Red O staining. Fibroblasts were directly induced into preadipocytes, followed by differentiation into adipocytes in DMEM with supplements. Lipid droplets were stained by Oil Red O (magnification, ×100). (B) Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of expression levels of C/EBPα and PPARγ marker genes in the adipogenic group. (C) Procedure of direct adipocyte reprogramming. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n=3 per group). *P<0.05 vs. fibroblast control group. C/EBPα, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; HVJ-E, hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope; Oct4, octamer-binding transcription factor 4; DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium; FBS, fetal bovine serum.